Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By
Farhan Sadiq
Muhammad Haroon
Numan Yousaf
Saqib Munir
Rashid Mehmood
2k9-SCET-43/civil
2k9-SCET-40/civil
2k9-SCET-41/civil
2k9-SCET-09/civil
2k9-SCET-06/civil
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Concrete
Concrete is basically a mixture of two
components
Paste (Portland cement, water, and air)
Aggregate (sand, gravel, crushed stone)
Aggregates make up 60-75% of total volume of
concrete.
What is an
AGGREGATE?
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Aggregates
Aggregates are inert materials mixed with a
Natural Aggregates
All natural aggregates particles originally
Classification of
Aggregates
Aggregates are broadly classified as:
Fine aggregates
Coarse aggregates
Fine Aggregates
Particles of fine aggregates pass through
Coarse Aggregates
Coarse aggregates are retained on 4.75mm(#4)
sieve.
Aggregates the size of whose particle is bigger than
4.75 mm but smaller than 7.5 mm are known as
coarse aggregates.
Uses of Aggregates
Filler material
Dimensional Stability:
shrinkage,
thermal changes
Weight
ultralightweight
Examples of
Aggregates
Used
vermiculite,
ceramic, diatomite,
pumice, scoria,
perlite,
lightweight
expanded clay,
shale or slate,
crushed brick
normal weight
crushed limestone,
sand, river gravel,
crushed recycled
concrete
barlite, magnetite ,
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Ultra-lightweight
Aggregates
Vermiculite
Perlite
Pumice
Scoria
Diatomite12
Lightweight Aggregates
Expanded clay (left)
Expanded shale
(right)
Crushed Brick
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Normal weight
Aggregates
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Heavyweight Aggregates
Magnetite (left)
Magnetite-sand
(right)
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Constituents in naturally
occurring
Aggregates:
Naturally occurring concrete aggregates are a mixture of rocks
and minerals
Minerals
Silica (ex. Quartz)
Silicates (ex. Clay)
Carbonate (ex. Calcite, dolomite)
Igneous rocks
Granite
Basalt
Sedimentary rocks
Sandstone
Limestone
Shale
Metamorphic rocks
Marble
slate
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Harmful material in
aggregates
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Tests on
Aggregates
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Grading
Grading is the distribution of particles among
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Grading
Proper selection of various sizes will be very
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Fineness Modulus
(ASTM C 125)
The FM is an index of the fineness of the aggregate.
37.7 mm
(1 in)
25 mm
(1 in)
19 mm
(3/4 in)
12.5 mm
(1/2 in)
9.5 mm
(3/8 in)
5.7
100
95 to 100
xxxx
25 to 60
xxxxx
xxxx
100
90 to 100
20 to 55
0 to 15
6.7
xxxx
100
90 to 100
xxxx
25 to 55
xxxx
xxxx
100
90 to 100
40 to 70
xxxx
xxxx
xxxxx
100
85 to 100
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Strength
Generally,
strengths
range
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Relative Density
(Specific
Gravity)
The relative density of an aggregate (ASTM C
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Moisture conditions of
aggregate
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