OHMS LAW ,KIRCHOFFS

LAW,
RESISTIVE KIT
Debasish Bose
Senior Technical Assistant
Electrical Engineering Department HETC

SOME USEFUL TERMINOLOGY OF

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
CIRCUIT : Circuit is a closed conducting path
through which electrical current either flows or
intended to flow.
NODE : Node is a junction in a circuit where two
or more circuit elements are connected
together.
LOOP : Loop is a closed path in a circuit in which
no element or node is encountered more than
once.
MESH : Mesh is a loop that contains no other
loop within it.

AN IMAGINARY CIRCUIT TO SHOW NODELOOP AND

MESH

LINEAR AND NON LINEAR

CIRCUIT
LINEAR CIRCUIT
A linear circuit is
one whose electrical
parameters are
constant ,i.e, do not
change with voltage
or current.
Purely resistive
circuit acts as a
linear circuit.

NON LINEAR CIRCUIT

A non linear circuit is a
circuit whose
parameter changes
with voltage or current.
An electrical or
electronic circuit
consists of
semiconductor devices
like transistor acts as
nonlinear circuit.

VOLT AMPERE CHARACTERISTICS OF LINEAR AND NON LINEAR

COMPONENT
VI CHARACTERISTICS OF LINEAR
COMPONENT

VI CHARACTERISTICS OF NON LINEAR

COMPONENT

OHMS LAW
Ohm's lawstates that
temperature and other
electrical parameters remain
constant, thecurrent through
aconductorbetween two
points is directlyproportional
to the voltageacross the two
points.
MathematicallyI=V/R
whereIis the current through the
conductor in units of amperes,
Vis the voltage
measuredacrossthe conductor in
units ofvolts,
Ris the resistanceof the
conductor in units of ohms.
More specifically, Ohm's law
states that theRin this relation is
constant and independent of the

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR VERIFICATION OF

OHMS LAW

PRECATION OF THIS EXPERIMENT

Any electrical component has a specific
voltage , current and power rating . So,
while
performing this experiment practically , we
must be aware about the specification and
rating of our equipments and measuring
instrument. If we increase voltage or
current beyond the maximum limit, the
circuit may be burn out . We also should be
aware about proper connection of circuit.

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF
OHMS LAW

INSTRUCTION FOR PLOTTING V-I

CHARACTERISTICS

1.Take a linear (mm) graph paper.

2.Choose an optimum scale along
X and Y axis and mention it
according to suitable big division
or small division of graph paper.
Big division and small division are
shown in figure.
3.Plot independent variable (here
voltage) along Abscissa( Xaxis).
3.Plot dependent variable (here
current)along Ordinate( Y axis).
Write label (voltage or current) on
both axis with proper unit and
arrow.
Write title on upside of the graph
paper.

RELATION BETWEEN
VOLTAGE,CURRENT,RESISTANCE AND POWER

KIRCHHOFFS CURRENT LAW

(KCL)
Kirchoffs current
law states that In
any electrical
network,the algebric
sum of currents
meting at a point (or
junction) is zero.
It simply means
that the total current
leaving the junction is
equal to the toal
current entering the
junction.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR VERIFICATION

OF KCL
Here we are passing
the current I1
through the loop
ABCD as shown in
figure.
According to KCL ,
Incoming current to
the loop will be equal
to outgoing current
from the loop.
i.e. I1=I2+I3=I4

KIRCHHOFFS VOLTAGE LAW

Kirchhoffs Voltage Law states that the
algebraic sum of the products of current
and resistance in each of the conductors in
any closed path (or mesh) in a network
plus the algebraic sum of the e.m.f.s in
that path is zero.
In other words IR+e.m.f=0
The algebraic sum is the sum which takes
in to account the polarities of voltage
drops.

PICTORIAL REPRESENTATION OF KVL

As we travel around the mesh
in clock-wise direction,
E1 is +ve E2 is ve
I3R3 is +ve
I1R1,I2R2,I4R4 is ve
Using KVL,
-I1R1-I2R2+I3R3-I4R4E2+E1=0
Or
I1R1+I2R2-I3R3+I4R4=E1-E2

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR

DETERMINATION OF KVL
Let us think about the
mesh ABCD.
This mesh consist of two
variable voltage source
and two resistor as per
circuit diagram.
As the resistors are
connected in series ,same
current will flow all over
the circuit.
According to KVL
V1+V2=IR1+IR2

REFERENCE
A Text Book Of Electrical Technology
Volume I
(Basic Electrical Engineering)
B.L. Theraja
A.K. Theraja
S. Chand & Company Ltd.

THANK YOU