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Title of article: Pattern of tooth mobility in diagnosed
diabetic patients in University of Benin Teaching
Hospital (UBTH), Benin City, Nigeria
Running title: Pattern of tooth mobility in diagnosed
diabetic patients
Name of authors
P.I Ojehanon (FWACS)
Associate professor
Department of Periodontics,
University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
C.C Azodo (FMCDS)
Senior lecturer
Department of Periodontics,
University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
Name of authors
P. Erhabor (BDS)
Senior Registrar
Department of Periodontics,
University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
V. Orhue (BDS)
Senior Registrar
Department of Periodontics,
University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
Correspondence
D. P.I Ojehanon
Department of Periodontics
Prof. Ejide Dental Complex
University of Benin Teaching Hospital
Benin City, Nigeria 300001
Phone: 08023396736
E-mail: Patrickojehanon@yahoo.com
Fax: None
outline
Introduction
Relationship between periodontal diseases and DM
Methodology
Discussion
Conclusion
Recommendation
Study limitation
Reference
Introduction
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a clinical syndrome
characterized by hyperglycemia due to an
absolute or relative deficiency of insulin
(Edwards and Rafaelle 1996).
The Prevalence of undiagnosed DM in UBTH
dental clinic is 4.5% (Ojehanon and Akhionbare
2006).
The Prevalence of DM in South Western Nigeria is
4.76% with 2.38% as undiagnosed DM
Introduction continued
DM can result in tissue damage including the
periodontium.
Periodontal complications has been referred to
as the 6th complication of DM (Loe 1993).
Periodontal complications in DM can lead to
tooth mobility (Dombret and Marcos 1989).
The mechanism through which periodontitis
cause tooth mobility include inflammatory
distruption of the periodontal tissues, widening
of the periodontal ligament, attachment loss,
Conversely,
inflammatory
mediators, particularly
cytokines, can potentially contribute to insulin
resistance in a number of ways, including modification
of
insulin
receptor
substrate-1
by
serine
phosphorylation, alteration of adipocyte function with
increased production of free fatty acids and diminution
of endothelial nitric oxide production.
Thus, the interrelationships between diabetes and
periodontal disease provide an example of systemic
disease predisposing to oral infection, and once that
infection is established, the oral infection exacerbates
the progression of systemic disease.
Methodology
determined
using
the
formula
RESULT
characteristics
Frequency
Percentage
<44
2.0
45-54
14.3
55-64
18
36.7
65-74
17
34.7
75-84
12.3
Age
sex
Male
32
65.3
Female
17
34.7
Education
Tertiary
22
42.9
Secondary
16
32.7
Primary
non-formal
7
4
14.3
8.2
Occupation
Professionals
31
63.2
Frequency (n)
11
4.0
12
2.0
13
0.0
14
0.0
15
0.0
16
18.4
17
0.0
21
4.0
22
2.0
23
0.0
24
0.0
25
0.0
26
16.3
31
16.3
32
4.0
33
0.0
34
0.0
35
0.0
36
4.0
37
0.0
41
10
20.0
42
4.0
43
0.0
44
0.0
45
0.0
46
4.0
47
0.0
Characteristics
mean
SD
P value
49
63.8
9.17
0.602
0.000
49
1.34
0.48
0.361
0.011
49
1.56
0.60
0.395
0.005
49
3.83
2.31
0.498
0.000
Mean SD
Age of subjects
4.12 1.81
(years)
Gender
4.12 1.81
Gingival index
BPE
4.12 1.81
4.12 1.81
DISCUSSION
Conclusion
This study on the pattern of tooth mobility in diagnosed
diabetic patients in University of Benin Teaching Hospital
(UBTH), Benin City, Nigeria revealed the following:
The 1st molars and incisors were the earliest and commonest
teeth in the dentition to be affected by tooth mobility, in
subjects in this study.
There was a significant relationship between the age, gender,
GI, and the later stages of periodontal diseases as determined
by BPE and the number of mobile teeth in the dentition
Recommendation
In view of the findings of this study, the following
are recommended:
Diabetic patients should be encouraged to have
their oral hygiene and periodontal health
routinely assessed and managed in order to
improve their periodontal health status.
Periodontologists should be part of the team
that manages diabetic mellitus patients in order
to give total care to these patients
Study limitation
The study centre is not centrally located in Benin
City and also the subjects involved with this
study
were
selected
using
convenience
consecutive sampling method. This made it
difficult to have a good representation of the
community.
The recall capacity of the subjects in the onset of
tooth mobility may have varied among subjects
involved in this study and therefore was a
limitation.
REFERENCES
Newman MG, Takei HH, Kokkevold PR, Carranza FA. Carranzas Clinical
Periodontology. 11th ed. Missouri: Elsevier Limited, 2012; p. 217-231
Edward SH, Raffaele N (1996). Diabetes mellitus, present knowledge
in nutrition. ILSI Press, Washington DC
Ojehanon P.I, Akhionbare O. (2006). Prevalence of undiagnosed
diabetes mellitus among dental patients in Edo state, Nigeria, Journal
of Bio Sci. 5 (1): 24-28
Oyegbade O,Abioye Kuteyi E. Kolawole B, Ezeoma I, Bello I (2007).
Screening for diabetes mellitus in Nigerian family practice
populations. SA Fam Pract 49:15a-d
Arowojolu MO. Prevalence of periodontal pocketing and tooth mobility
according to tooth types in Nigerians--a pilot study. Afr J Med Med Sci.
2002; 31(2):119-121