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Examples of

References
Submitted to: Dr. Nasreen Akhter
Submitted by: Sobia Parveen (03)
Sana Akram (13)
M.Phil (Edu)
Semester: 2nd

What is References?
Reference is the list of sources. You have
cited the references come out the end of
your paper.
The most commonly style used for
references is APA style.

Examples of References

Periodicals
Books & Reference Books
Technical and Research Reports
Meetings and Symposia
Doctoral Dissertation and Masters Thesis
Reviews and Peer Commentary
Measurement Instruments
Audio-visual media
Data sets
Internet Message Board

Periodicals
Author name and year of publication
Title of Article/periodicals
DOI
If no DOI is assigned to the content and you retrieved it online, use this
format:
Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxx
If DOI is not available, and the reference was retrieved online, give URL
of the journal home page. No retrieved date is needed.
Write single p(page) for one page and pp for more than one pages.
Example
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of article. title
of Periodical, xx, pppp. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx

Journal article with DOl, more


than seven authors
Author, A. Author B . Author C,,,,,,,(2004).
Title of periodical ,page number.Doi.
Use the following in-text citation: (First
author et al., 2004).
When a reference has up to seven
authors, spell out all authors' names in the
reference list.

Newspaper article
Author , A. (1993, September 30).
Democracy in Pakistan, political status.
The Jang Multan pp. Al, A4.
If an article appears on discontinuous
pages, give all page numbers, and
separate the
numbers with a comma (e.g., pp. B1, B3,
B5B7).

Books and Reference Books


Also include books that are published in electronic form only.
Use the word Author as the name of publisher when Author
and Publisher are same.
Edition, volume number, page number(Rev.ed.) or
(Vol.xx,pp,xx-xxx)
If there are more than two authors, Use the name of the lead
editor, followed by et al.
Example
Strong, E. K., Jr., & Uhrbrock, R. S. (1923). Bibliography on
job analysis. In L. Outhwaite (Series Ed.), Personnel Research
Series: Vol. 1. Job analysis and the curriculum (pp. 140146).

Technical and Research Report


Report number, contract number to the report, give that
number in parentheses immediately after the title.
If you obtain a report from U.S Government printing office,
list the Publisher location and name.
Example
Author,A. A. (1998). Title of work (report number. Xxx).
Location: Publisher

Meetings and Symposia


Use the same format as for a periodicals
Give the month and year of symposium or meeting in the
reference
Example
Contributor, A. A, Contributor, B. B, (year,month). Title of
paper or poster. Paper or poster session presented at the
meeting of organization name, location.

Doctoral Dissertation and Masters Thesis


Can be retrieved from subscription data bases, institutional
achieves, and personal websites.
Italicize the title of a doctoral dissertation or maters thesis.
Identify the work as a doctoral dissertation or masters thesis
in parentheses after the title.
Example
Author, A. A. (1978). Title of doctoral dissertation or masters
thesis(doctoral dissertation or masters thesis). Retrieved from
the name of database.

Unpublished dissertation
Author, A. A. (1978). Title of doctoral/
dissertation or master's thesis
(Unpublished
doctoral dissertation or master's thesis).
Name of Institution, Location.

Reviews and Peer Commentary


If the review is untitled, use the material in brackets as the
title; retain the brackets to indicate that the material is a
description of form and content, not a title.
Identify the type of medium being reviewed in brackets(book,
motion pictures, television program, etc.)
Example
Reviewer, A. A. (2000). Title of review (review of the book
Title of book, by A. A. Author) Title of complete work, xx.
xxx.xxx

Audio-Visual Media
For the motion pictures, use the following format:
Producer, A. A. (producer), & Director, B. B. (Director).
(year). Title of motion picture[motion picture]. Country of
origin:Studio

Data sets, Software, Measurement


Instruments and Apparatus

Do not Italicize the name of the software.


Italicize the title of data set.
Identify the version number after the title. After the version
number, identify the source as a computer program, language
or software.
Example
Rightshoulder, A. A. (year). Title of program(version number)
[Description of form]. Location: Name of producer.

Internet Message Board, Electronic Mailing


List and other Online Communities
If the authors full name is available, list the last name first
followed by initials.
Provide the exact date of posting.
Include the information Retrieved from followed by the
URL.
Example
Author, A. A. (year, month, Day). Title of post [Description of
form]. Retrieved from http://www.xxx

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