A Seminar on

AUTOMOBILE SAFETY

INTRODUCTION
Automobile Industry is undergoing a BIG
TRANSFORMATION never seen before.
Today CARs are not only used for personal
Transport but they are ENCOMPASSED with
Entertainment that vies with the fedility of your HOME
THEATRE
Seating arrangement more comfortable than your
RECLINER
SAFETY FEATURES making your car safer than a TANK

Globally car companies Spend

nearly $36 billon annually for
influencing new TECHNOLOGIES
into their cars.

Some of the big advancement in

Automotive Industry in last
10years have come in a area of
SAFETY.

In addition to Telematics based Services like

Digital Satellite Radio
In car E-mail
GPS systems
Recent Advancement in Braking Technology have
led to
Shorter stopping distance
Increased Control in PANIC situation
More control on CURVED turns

Air Bags

Whats the main function of the

System?
Material of Airbags?
History

Actual Working

Airbag Before Collision

Airbag After Collision

Inflation unit

How does it INFLATES?

Effectiveness
This system has proven its effectiveness
In frontal crashes reduction in d rivers death reduced by
nearly 14%
Passenger side airbags reducing death by nearly 11%
NHTSA estimated reduction in risk by nearly 85% with the
combination of seat belt and airbags compared than only
seatbelt i.e60%
Car Model

Head Injury Risk

Airbag

No Airbag

Holden Commodore

28

48

Toyota Camry

20

44

Mitsubishi Magna

27

Ford Falcon

14

N. A.

This are some crash results which give the effectiveness of the
system

Different types of Airbags

DRIVERS SIDE AIRBAG

PASSENGER AIR BAG

Curtain Airbags

Anti-lock Braking System

Introduction?
Advancement in the system?
Working?

Advancement in the system?

How Does the system Works?

Working
Conventional Braking
Whole process is controlled by driver applied break
paddle pressure;

ABS Braking
Electric Sensors monitor the wheel speed
ABS microprocessor Compares the wheel speed
Control valve is energized.

Effectiveness

ABS on a test track

Advantages:
Achives the Shortest Stopping distance
Better chance on Steering around obstacle
Reduced risk of skidding

Disadvantages:
Precautions should be taken while
driving
Proved less effective on gravel road or
road compacted by snow

Traction Control
Next Generation ABS
Uses ABS as a Building block.
Can be is a combination of ABS & Engine
control

Mainly the system has to control

some or all conditions
Retard or Suppress the spark to one or more
cylinders
Retard fuel supply to one or main cylinder
Break one or more wheel
Close the throttle, if the vehicle is fitted by
wire throttle

Electronic Stability Control

Main components of the system

A) active wheel speed sensors;

B) steering angle sensor;
C) Yaw rate sensor
D) attached electronic control unit (ECU)
E) motor;
F) pressure sensor,
G) hydraulic unit.

Steering Angle Sensor

Understeering (plowing out)

Oversteering (spinning out)

Some important ECS definitions

ESC augments vehicle directional stability by
applying and adjusting the vehicle brakes individually
to induce correcting yaw torques to the vehicle.

ESC is a computer-controlled system, which uses a

close-loop algorithm to limit under steer and over steer
of the vehicle when appropriate

Case Study

A S-Class Mercedes sedan testing Bosch's ESP system