Cellular Respiration

How our body makes ATP, ENERGY!!

Engage
ATP Gun
Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP)
Adenosine
Ribose Sugar
3 Phosphates

January 16, 2017

January 16, 2017

Explore:
Cellular Respiration Simulation
To review the "big picture" of
metabolism, aiding students in
understanding the relationship among
glycolysis, the Kreb's cycle, and the
ETC. See the diagram for the
simulation layout.

January 16, 2017

Explore:
Muscle Fatigue
You will be using a procedure to
experience and explore lactic acid
buildup in muscles.

January 16, 2017

Explain:
Where do our cells get energy?
6-C sugars are the MAJOR source of
energy for cell
What type of macromolecule are 6-C
sugars?
Carbohydrates

Cells break down glucose a 6-C

sugar to make ATP energy

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Overall Chemical Process

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + usable energy

(ATP)

January 16, 2017

Cellular Respiration (3-stages)

Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
Glucose
Glycolysis

Krebs
cycle

Fermentation
(without oxygen)

January 16, 2017

Electron
transport

Alcohol or
lactic acid

January 16, 2017

Flowchart
Section 9-2

Cellular Respiration

Glucose
(C6H1206)
+
Oxygen
(02)

Glycolysis

Krebs
Cycle

Electron
Transport
Chain

Carbon
Dioxide
(CO2)
+
Water
(H2O)
+
ATP

January 16, 2017

Glycolysis:

Figure 93Glycolysis

Step 1

Glucose

2 Pyruvic acid

To the electron
transport chain

Figure 93Glycolysis
Section 9-1

Glucose

2 Pyruvic acid

To the electron
transport chain

Figure 93Glycolysis
Section 9-1

Glucose

2 Pyruvic acid

To the electron
transport chain

Where Cytoplasm
NO O2 required
Energy Yield net gain of 2 ATP at the
expense of 2 ATP
6-C glucose TWO 3-C pyruvates
Free e- and H+ combine with organic ion
carriers called NAD+ NADH + H+
(nicotinamide dinucleotide)

January 16, 2017

Summary
In
Glucose (6-C)
2 ATP

January 16, 2017

Out
2 pyruvate; 2(3-C)
2NADH
a net of 2 ATP

Questions
Where does glycolysis take place?
Glycolysis energy yield?
Breaks glucose into TWO ________.

January 16, 2017

January 16, 2017

The Krebs Cycle

Section 9-2

Citric Acid
Production

Mitochondrion

Figure 96The Krebs Cycle

Section 9-2

Citric Acid
Production

Mitochondrion

Breakdown of Pyruvic Acid

Where
mitochondria
Pyruvate (3-C)
Acetic acid (2-C)
3rd C forms CO2
Acetic acid
combines with
Coenzyme A to
form ACETYL-CoA
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Summary
In
Pyruvate
NAD
CoA

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Out
CO2 (as waste)
NADH
Acetyl-CoA

What is releasing Energy with O2?

Aerobic respiration
Where In mitochondria

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Second Step: Citric Acid Cycle

(Krebs Cycle)
Where Mitochondrial matrix
Energy Yield 2 ATP and more eAcetyl-CoA (2-C) combines with 4-C to form
6-C CITRIC ACID
Citric Acid (6-C) changed to 5-C then to a 4-C
Gives off a CO2 molecule
NAD+ and FAD pick up the released eFAD becomes FADH2
NAD+ becomes NADH + H+
Cycle ALWAYS reforming a 4-C molecule
January 16, 2017

Krebs Cycle

January 16, 2017

The Krebs Cycle

Section 9-2

Citric Acid
Production

Mitochondrion

Figure 96The Krebs Cycle

Section 9-2

Citric Acid
Production

Mitochondrion

ETC
Where inner membrane of
mitochondria
Energy Yield Total of 32 ATP
O2 combines with TWO H+ to form
H2O
Exhale - CO2, H2O comes from
cellular respiration

January 16, 2017

Electron Transport Chain

Section 9-2

Electron Transport
Hydrogen Ion Movement

Channel

Mitochondrion

Intermembrane
Space
ATP synthase

Inner
Membrane

Matrix

ATP Production

Summary
Mitochondrion
Electrons carried in NADH
Pyruvic
acid

Glucose

Glycolysis

Krebs
Cycle

Electrons
carried in
NADH and
FADH2

Electron
Transport
Chain

Mitochondrion
Cytoplasm

Total ENERGY Yield

Glycolysis 2 ATP
Krebs Cycle 2 ATP
ETC 32 ATP
Total 36 ATP

January 16, 2017

Elaboration
Respiration Lab
Three experiments that review and
further explain the process of cellular
respiration

January 16, 2017

What happens if NO O2?

Cellular respiration process STOPS

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Aerobic vs. Anaerobic

Anaerobic
DOES NOT
require oxygen
Simple
fast
produces
smaller amounts
of energy (ATP)

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Aerobic requires
oxygen
Yields large
amounts of energy
What is this energy
molecule?
ATP, ATP, ATP

January 16, 2017

Releasing Energy w/out Oxygen

Anaerobic Respiration
NO Additional ATP is Formed
NO O2 leads to Fermentation
Two Types
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation

January 16, 2017

Lactic Acid Fermentation

bacteria, plants and most animals
After glycolysis
2 pyruvic acid changed to lactic acid

Sometimes happens in your muscles,

cramps-----Exercise
January 16, 2017

January 16, 2017

Alcoholic Fermentation
Bacteria and fungi (yeast)
Ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide are
the end products
Process used to form beer, wine, and
other alcoholic beverages
Also used to raise dough, bread
January 16, 2017

January 16, 2017

Cellular Respiration Review

Three Main Stages
Glycolysis (2 ATP)
Krebs Cycle (2 ATP)
Electron Transport Chain (32 ATP)

January 16, 2017

Glycolysis:

Figure 93Glycolysis

Step 1

Glucose

2 Pyruvic acid

To the electron
transport chain

Figure 93Glycolysis
Section 9-1

Glucose

2 Pyruvic acid

To the electron
transport chain

Figure 93Glycolysis
Section 9-1

Glucose

2 Pyruvic acid

To the electron
transport chain

The Krebs Cycle: Step 2

Section 9-2

Citric Acid
Production

Mitochondrion

Figure 96The Krebs Cycle

Section 9-2

Citric Acid
Production

Mitochondrion

Electron Transport Chain: Step 3

Section 9-2

Electron Transport
Hydrogen Ion Movement

Channel

Mitochondrion

Intermembrane
Space
ATP synthase

Inner
Membrane

Matrix

ATP Production

Evaluation
Cellular Respiration Concept Map

January 16, 2017