IMMUNOLOGY

IMMUNOLOGY?
Immunology is a branch of science
and biology concerned with the
immunity.
Immunology is a combination of
both immunity and immune system.

IMMUNITY
The word Immuis means free from burden
and immunitas means exemption from
government taxes and this provided the
English terminology Immunity.
Immunity is a broad definition: This is a
protective or defense mechanism of our
body, which leads us to a healthy life.

TYPES OF IMMUNITY
Inborn or innate immunity: It is present at
birth. This is our First Line Of Defense.
Acquired or specific: It is not present at
birth but becomes part of our immune
system as the lymphoid system develops.

IMMUNE SYSTEM?
Immune system is a collection of organs, tissue, &
soluble factors to defend against bacteria, viruses,
& tumour cells.
Consist of:
Primary (central) lymphoid organs in which
leukocytes develop
Secondary (peripheral) lymphoid organs &
tissues in which immune response occur.

The cells of the

immune system
circulate through the
body via lymph and
blood. Pathogens and
their antigens are
transported from
tissues via lymphatic
vessels to the lymph
nodes where they
encounter immune
cells.

CELLS, TISSUES AND ORGANS OF

THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Immune cells are bone marrow-derived, & distributed
through out the body
Primary lymphoid organs:
Thymus: T cell maturation
Bone marrow (bursa of Fabricius in birds): B cell
maturation
Secondary lymphoid organs:
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Mucosal lymphoid tissues (lung, gut)

VACCINATION?
Vaccination protects us from infection
by inducing the adaptive immune
response, but by passing the need for
a primary infection

Edward Jenner
(1749-1823)
&
The Discovery of
Vaccination
(1796)
Vaccinia
(cowpox)
&
human
smallpox

Diseases associated with immune

system dysfunction
Autoimmunity (SLE, Arthritis,
Myasthenia gravis, Graves disease)
Immunodeficiency (inherited, acquired)
Allergy (environment, drugs)
Cancer (Leukemia, Lymphoma)

THERAPEUTICS
Vaccination
Adoptive immunotherapy
Transplantation