GEOTECHNICAL

INSTRUMENTATION FOR
SLOPE STABILITY
PROBLEM
PAULUS P.RAHARDJO
RINDA KARLINASARI

GEOTECHNICAL COURSE PT.VALE INDONESIA

SOROWAKO, OCT 2010

INSTRUMENTATION

Objectives :
provide
information to
make assessment
of the safety and
performance of

SLOPE INSTABILITY CASES

Cases of Slope Instability :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Natural Slope
Highway/ Road Excavation
Road Embankmant
Soil Disposal / Spoil Bank
River Bank

MONITORING SLOPE
INSTABILITY
Objectives (Dunnicliff) :
During design :

Definition of Initial Site Condition

Proof Testing
Fact Finding in Crisis Situation

During construction :

Observational Method
Construction Control
Providing Legal Protection
Measurement of Fill Quantities
Enhancing Public Relation
Advancing the State of the Art

After Construction :

Long Term measurement

Long Term performance

GEOTECHNICAL
INSTRUMENTATION
Ground Water Table and Pore Water Pressure :
1. Observation Well
2. Piezometer
Soil Deformation :
1. Inklinometer
2. Extensometer
3. Survey Point/ Patok Geser
4. Settlement Plate /Cell
Soil Shear Strength
1. Tensiometer (Suction)
Volumetric Water Content :
1. Thetaprobe

Observation Well:

Measures the
water level of a
water table or an
aquifer

Piezometer:

Measures the
pressure in a
confined aquifer
or at a special
horizon of the
geological profile

1.2. Open Stand pipe

Piezometer
Open Standpipe Piezometer

Tipe piezometer ini adalah yang

paling reliable diantara yang lainnya,
namun demikian memiliki beberapa
kelemahan antara lain karena
diperlukannya perubahan volume air
yang cukup besar sebelum
terdeteksinya perubahan pressure
head, hal inilah yang disebut dengan
hydrodinamic time lag.
Untuk melakukan pembacaan pada
open standpipe piezometer yang
biasa digunakan adalah electrical
dipmeter, terdiri dari dua kabel
konduktor dengan silindris pemberat
stainless steel diujungnya

Small
diameter PVC
pipe set in an
open hole

The bottom
of the pipe is
slotted,
capped and
the annular
space
between pipe
and hole is
backfilled
with clean
sand

The area
above sand is
sealed with
a) Standpipe Piezometer b) Driven Well Point bentonite
clay

1.3. Other Type Piezometer

Pneumatic Piezometer
- Flexible diafragma

Vibrating Wire Piezometer

- Metal diafragma

1.4. Piezometer Result

Wesley

2. INCLINOMETER

2. INCLINOMETER

Advantages : can detect and monitor

complex slope deformation and
displacement along multiple shear
planes.
Sensitivity : 10 arc/second ( 0.05
mm/m)

Inclinometers Casing

Inclinometer Position

2.1. Inclinometer Instalation

Cipularang Toll Road, 2006

2.2. Inclinometer Reading

Monitoring PLTA Besai Lampung,

2005

2.2. Inclinometer Reading

Monitoring Cipularang Toll Road, 2007

2.3. Inklinometer Result

2.3. Inklinometer Result (cont)

2.3. Inklinometer Result

(cont)

3. Extensometer

Magnetic probe ekstensometer

angkur magnetic berlubang pada suatu casing.
pembacaan dilakukan dengan melewatkan suatu
probe pada casing, memberikan signal
Kelebihan ekstensometer tipe ini
pembacaan pada berbagai elevasi tergantung
banyaknya angkur magnetic yang dipasang.
Kelemahannya yang lain adalah dalam jangka
panjang angkur magnet yang dipasang saling
berdekatan dapat kehilangan daya magnetnya.

3.2. Rod Extensometer

single point borehole ekstensometer
(SPBX)
multipoint borehole ekstensometer
(MPBX).

Can measure larger slope displacement than inclinometers.

Sensitivity : 0.01 mm/m

3.3 Extensometer Reading

Monitoring PLTA Besai Lampung, 2005

3.3. Extensometer Reading

4. Tensiometer
4.1. Quickdraw Tensiometer

4.2. Jetfill Tensiometer

4.2. Jetfill Instalation

4.2. Tensiometer
Maintenance

4.3. Tensiometer Result

SUCTION

OSMOTIC SUCTION
MATRIX SUCTION

ua uw

4.3. Tensiometer Result

5. Thetraprobe (ADR)

5. Thetraprobe (Amplitudo Domain

Reflectrometry : ADR)

Nilai Dielectric Constant Air Jauh

lebih besar daripada nilai Dielectric
Constant untuk material lain
Air

80

Es

Udara

Mineral tanah

3-7

Material tanah organik

2-5

Ruang hampa

Ethanol

24

5.1. Thetaprobe Instalation

5.2. Thetaprobe Reading

5.3. Thetaprobe Measurement

Result

6. Jetfill Tensiometer &

Thetaprobe

5.3. MEASUREMENT RESULT JETFILL TENSIOMETER

vs THETAPROBE

Soil Water Charachteristic Curve (SWCC)

4.3. MEASUREMENT RESULT JETFILL TENSIOMETER

vs THETAPROBE

Term on SWCC

RAIN GAUGE

Rockfill and Earthfill Embankment Dam

Intrumentation

Case : Wolf Creek Dam

Wolf Creek Dam , by US Army Corps of Engineering

Seepage Problem

Wolf Creek Dam , by US Army Corps of Engineering

1980 Cut Off Wall Instalation

and Monitoring

Wolf Creek Dam , by US Army Corps of Engineering

Piezometer Locations

Piezometers Results

Instrumentation Result

Wolf Creek Dam , by US Army Corps of Engineering

Decision : New Cut Off Wall

2007

Wolf Creek Dam , by US Army Corps of Engineering

Rainfall Induced Landslide

Monitoring

NTU, Singapore

CASE STUDY: CIJENGKOL SLOPE, CIPULARANG

TOLL ROAD

Initial Slope Excavation

Slope Contour

Type and Number of Instruments

No

Type

Inclinometer

Number of
units
3

Patok Geser

20

Jet Fill Tensiometer

ThetaProbe

Rain gauge

Instruments Location

Inklinometer
Jet Fill Tensiometer
ThetaProbe
Patok Geser

Inclinometer Location
BH2

BH3
BH1

Lereng 1 (sisi
Utara)

Lereng 2 (sisi
Selatan)

Inklinometer Result (Slope2)

SWCC Result

Vol. Water Content (x 0.001)

550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
1

10

100

Suction

1000

Rainfall : Influx Parameter

60

q (x 0.001)

50

40

30

20

10

0
1

Time

Numerical Modelling (Slope

1)

1.238
55

Elevation (m)

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5
0

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

Distance (m)

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

Numerical Modelling (Slope

2)

55

Elevation (m)

1.328

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

Distance (m)

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

Preventive Action
HD1
0

HD1
HD 3 HD
7
8

Thank You

GEOTECHNICAL
INSTRUMENTATIONS
Objectives :
provide information to make
assessment of the safety and
performance of the projects

GEOTECHNICAL
INSTRUMENTATIONS
CASE STUDY : RECLAMATION PROJECT IN
SEMARANG

Measured Parameters :
surface & subsurface
settlements
subsurface lateral
displacements
pore pressures

GEOTECHNICAL
INSTRUMENTATION
S
Standpipe & Hydraulic Piezometer

GEOTECHNICAL
INSTRUMENTATIONS
Vibrating Wire Piezometer

GEOTECHNICAL
INSTRUMENTATIONS
Vibrating Wire Piezometer

GEOTECHNICAL
INSTRUMENTATIONS
Magnet Extensometer

GEOTECHNICAL
INSTRUMENTATIONS
Inclinometer

GEOTECHNICAL
INSTRUMENTATIONS
Inclinometer

GEOTECHNICAL
INSTRUMENTATIONS
Settlements
Kurva Settlement vs Waktu
0

Settlement (cm)

-50

-100

-150

-200

-250
0

50

100

150

Waktu (hari)

200

250

300

GEOTECHNICAL
INSTRUMENTATIONS
Asaoka Method
d e 2 Fn ln 1
ch
8 t

de
ds
kh
Fn ln
0.75
ln
dw
kr
dw

alent flow distance

eter of smeared zone
ent diameter of vertical drain
cient of permeability of radial direction of the natural soils
cient of permeability in radial direction of the soils in the sm

GEOTECHNICAL
INSTRUMENTATIONS
Ch

BH

Cv

Ratio

(cm2/det)

No.

(cm2/det)

Ch/Cv

No.

b1

SP-01

0.7458

0.00175

BH-8

0.0013

1.32

SP-02

0.7308

0.00187

BH-13

0.0015

1.24

SP-03

0.7222

0.00194

BH-13

0.0015

1.28

SP-04

0.7285

0.00189

BH-8

0.0013

1.43

SP-05

0.7162

0.00199

BH-14

0.0015

1.29

SP-06

0.7258

0.00191

BH-14

0.0015

1.24

SP-07

0.7425

0.00178

BH-8

0.0013

1.35

SP-08

0.7356

0.00183

BH-14

0.0015

1.19

SP-09

0.7476

0.00174

BH-14

0.0015

1.13