4G Technology

Presented
By Nithin Raj

4G Definition

4G is not one defined technology or

standard, but rather a collection of
technologies at creating fully packetswitched networks optimized for data.

4G Networks are projected to provide

speed of 100Mbps while moving and
1Gbps while stationary.

0G (Zero Generation Mobile System)

At the end of the 1940s, the first radio telephone

service was introduced, and was designed to
users in cars to the public land-line based
telephone network.

In the 1960s, a system launched by Bell Systems,

called, Improved Mobile Telephone Service
(IMTS), brought quite a few improvements such
as direct dialing and more bandwidth. The very
first analog systems were based upon IMTS and
were created in the late 60s and early 70s.

1G Technology

1G refers to the first-generation of wireless

telephone technology was developed in
1970s.

1G had two major improvements:

the invention of the microprocessor

the digital transform of the control link
between the phone and the cell site.

Analog signal

2G Technology

Around 1980s

Better quality & capacity - More people

could use there phones at the same time

Digital Signals consist of 0s & 1s

Previous Technology - 2G

Digital consist of 0s and 1s

Digital signal:
1.Low level, 2.High level, 3.Rising edge
and 4.Falling edge

Previous Technology - 2G

Digital data can be compressed and

multiplexed much more effectively than analog
voice encodings
Multiplexing -multiple analog message signals
or digital data streams are combined into one
signal
For 1 and 2G standards, bandwidth maximum
is 9.6 Kbit/sec, (I.E) approximately 6 times
slower than an ISDN

Previous Technology - 2G

Allows for lower powered radio signals that

require less battery

PowerCODEC introduction -program that

encodes and decodes digital data stream or
signal

Translates data from digital to analog and

vice versa

Previous Technology - 2G

Advantages in Previous
Technology - 2G

The digital voice encoding allows digital

error checking

increase sound quality

lowers the noise level

Going all-digital allowed for the introduction

of digital data transfer

SMS short message service

E-mail

Disadvantages in Previous
Technology - 2G

Cell towers had a limited coverage

area

Jagged Decay curve

Abrupt dropped calls

Analog gradual sound reduction

Spotty coverage

3G Technology

Large capacity and broadband capabilities

Allows the transmission of 384kbps for mobile

systems and up to 2Mbps

Increased spectrum efficiency 5Mhz

A greater number of users that can be

simultaneously supported by a radio frequency
bandwidth
High data rates at lower incremental cost than
2GGlobal roaming

Previous Technology - 3G

CDMA Code Division Multiple Access

Form of multiplexing

Does not divide up the channel by time or

frequency

Encodes data with a special code associated

with each channel

Code Division Multiple Access

Types of Multiplexing

FDMA Frequency Division Multiple

Access

Each phone call is allocated one

frequency for the entire duration of the
call

Types of Multiplexing

TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access

Each phone call is allocated a spot in the

frequency for a small amount of time, and
"takes turns" being transmitted

Types of Multiplexing

CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access

Each phone call is uniquely encoded and

transmitted across the entire spectrum, in
a manner known as spread spectrum
transmission

Reasons for New Research

Even though 3G has successfully been

introduced to mobile users, there are some
issues that are debated by 3G providers and
users.
High input fees for the 3G service licenses

Great differences in the licensing terms

3G phones are expensive

Fourth Generation

What is 4G?

Fourth Generation Technology

Faster and more reliable

100 Mb/s
Lower cost than previous generations
Multi-standard wireless system
Bluetooth, Wired, Wireless
Ad Hoc Networking
IPv6 Core
OFDM used instead of CDMA
Potentially IEEE standard 802.11n
Most information is proprietary

Communications Architecture

Broadcast layer:
fix access points, (i.e.) cell tower
connected by fiber, microwave, or
satellite (ISP)
Ad-hoc/hot-spot layer:
wireless LANs (i.e. internet at Starbucks)

Communications Architecture

Personal Layer Gateway:

Info-Sensor layer:

devices that connect to upper layers; cell phone,

fax, voice, data modem, MP3 players, PDAs

environmental sensors

Fiber-optic wire layer:

high speed subterranean labyrinth of fiber optic

cables and repeaters

Ad Hoc Networks

Spontaneous self
organization of networks
of devices

Not necessarily connected

to internet

4G will create hybrid

wireless networks using
Ad Hoc networks

Form of mesh
networkingVery reliable

Enhance Mobile Gaming

Experience enhance wireless capabilities

that deliver mobile gaming interaction
with less than five seconds

Play online multi player games while

traveling at high speeds or sitting outside

Broadband access in Remote

location

4G will provide a wireless alternative

for broadband access

I will provide first opportunity for

broadband access in remote locations
without an infrastructure to support
cable or DSL access.

Thanking You