THE HEART & STROKE

PRESENTATION
by
Bill Todd

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Be Artery Smart
What you need to know about your heart.

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Oh, no!

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Your heart is not shaped like this.

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Your heart looks more like this.

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Heart Location

Mid Sternum

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Circulation

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SYSTOLIC & DIASTOLIC

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Coronary Artery Disease

Risk Factors
The Bad News
There are some risk factors which you can
not change:
* Gender
* Age (male 40+, female 50+)
* Heredity
* Diseases (e.g. diabetes)
* Ethnicity

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THE GOOD NEWS!

There are more risk factors you can change:
* Smoking
* Poor diet
* Inactivity
* Alcohol abuse
* Drug abuse
* Obesity (girth)
* High LDL
* High BP
* Stress
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SMOKING IS THE #1 RISK

FACTOR FOR CARDIO
VASCULAR DISEASE

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You might as well smoke this!

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PREVENTIVE MEASURES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Quit smoking.
Drink in moderation, or not at all.
Get off illegal or unprescribed drugs.
Take prescribed medication.
Eat sensibly.
Develop a regular exercise program.
Maintain a healthy body weight.
Have an annual physical checkup.
Learn to relax.
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WHATS GOING ON???

How do I know if Im having a
heart attack or stroke?
How do I know if someone else is
having a heart attack or stroke?
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Signs and Symptoms

Angina
Chest pain with mild to severe discomfort.
Sweating.
Weakness, unwell feeling.
Caused by narrowing of a coronary artery.
Eased with rest and medication (nitro).
No death to heart muscle.
Often mistaken for indigestion.
May progress to heart attack!
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Heart Attack
May begin by just not feeling well.
Might progress to severe crushing
pain/pressure behind sternum, between
shoulder blades, tingling sensation radiating to
shoulder, arm, neck, jaw.
Cold sweat, clammy skin, ashen complexion.
Shortness of breath.
Dizziness, nausea, vomiting.
Fear of death (look of terror in the eyes).
Denial - Often blamed on indigestion.
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Other Factors
Caused by complete obstruction in a
coronary artery.
Not eased with rest or medication.
Death of a section of heart muscle.
Often fatal.
? ? ? ? ? ? ????
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STROKE (CVA)
Signs & Symptoms
Sudden onset of :

Disorientation.
Confusion.
Dizziness.
Severe headache
Facial drooping on one side.
One-sided body weakness/paralysis.
Caused by blockage or rupture in a cerebral artery.
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More Clues
Ask the individual to
smile,
speak,
raise both arms,
stick out the tongue.
May not be able to perform these simple tasks.

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ACTION TO TAKE
In the case of a suspected heart attack or stroke,
1. Call 9-1-1 immediately! Give a full report. *
2. Have the person lie down with upper body slightly
elevated.
3. Make the person as warm and comfortable as
possible. (Loosen clothing at neck and waist).
4. Cover with jacket or blanket.
5. Stay with the person, and protect from danger.
6. Give calm assurance.
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MORE ACTION TO TAKE

4. No matter what the trauma is, Treat for shock:

a. Keep casualty warm and out of danger.
b. Elevate feet.
c. Continue calm reassurance.
5. Make a full report to ambulance personnel: *
a. Nature and location of emergency.
b. Age & gender of person.
c. Time of onset, and any treatment given.
6. NPO Never

give food or drink!

7. Be ready to perform CPR .

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RESULTS
You can maintain vital functions with CPR.
If you do something, the person may not
survive.
If you do nothing, the person almost
certainly will not survive.
Perform to the level of your training
and ability. Its better to try and fail,
than not to try at all.
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First Line of Defense

is YOU
Your health is your responsibility. Get to know your body,
and how to take care of it.
Your doctor, and the rest of your health care
team, are there to help you to take care of your
health.
If you recognize or suspect any health
problems, get in touch with your doctor immediately.
Anyone over 40 should have an annual physical checkup.
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First Steps
Your doctor asks questions.

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Blood Pressure
The doctor takes your blood pressure.

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ECG

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Treadmill Tests
STRESS TEST
ECG to diagnose CAD

MIBI Nuclear test (M P I)

Tracer dye checks blood flow.

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Angiogram

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Angioplasty

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Bypass Surgery

Triple Graft
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Narrowing of an Artery

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BLOOD CLOTS

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Heart Catheter

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Stent

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DONT WASTE TIME!

The first few minutes after onset of
symptoms are the most important.
The sooner the person receives
medical care, the better the chance
of survival.
Death normally occurs anywhere from
immediately to 2 hours after onset.
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Remember
These conditions are serious, and require
your immediate attention.
Medical professionals are there to assist you.
YOU ARE IN CHARGE OF YOUR OWN HEALTH!

LOOK AFTER IT!

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Thank you for your attention.

Do you have any
- questions?
- suggestions?
- experience to share?
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RELATED CONDITIONS

Atherosclerosis
Congestive Heart Failure
High Blood Cholesterol
Hypertension
Arrhythmia
Cerebral Aneurism
Aortic Aneurism
Atrial fibrillation
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ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Also called, hardening of the arteries, this
condition is caused by a buildup of plaque on the
inner walls of the arteries. The result is a
narrowing of the opening in the artery, thereby
limiting, or stopping the flow of blood. The
plaque or blood clot can also break off causing a
complete blockage.
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Congestive Heart Failure

The heart muscle becomes too weak to pump
enough blood to meet the needs of the body.
Blood returning to the heart backs up causing an
excess of fluid in the tissues (edema), causing
swelling in the ankles and legs.
Fluid can collect in the lungs resulting in shortness of
breath.
Sudden death is not uncommon.
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High Blood Cholesterol

Excess cholesterol can cling to the artery walls, and
lead to hardening of the arteries.
The two kinds of cholesterol are LDL, also called bad
cholesterol, and HDL, known as good cholesterol.
HDL actually carries LDL away from the artery walls.
So, you should keep LDL as low as possible, and HDL
should be kept higher. Healthful diet & exercise help.

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Hypertension
(high blood pressure)
Pressure of the blood against the artery walls is
elevated. BP is measured as Systolic, and
Diastolic pressure.
Systolic is a measurement of the pressure of the
blood flowing through the arteries when the
heart contracts.
Diastolic is the measurement of the lowest
pressure when the heart is at rest.
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SYSTOLIC & DIASTOLIC

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Arrhythmia
Arrhythmias are abnormal heart rhythms.
Symptoms are dizziness, and palpitations,
and can cause the heart to pump less efficiently.
Treatments may include medications, an
implantable pacemaker, an implantable
defibrillator, or other surgery.

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Aneurism

A ballooning or bulging of the wall of a blood

vessel, an artery, or of the heart wall. High
blood pressure aggravates this condition, and
often causes it. If an aneurism bursts, it could
cause excessive bleeding. Ruptured aneurisms
in the heart or brain are extremely serious.
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Cerebral Aneurism

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Aortic Aneurism

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Atrial fibrillation
This condition makes the heart beat much too
fast. The upper chambers of the heart beat very
rapidly, and irregularly, sometimes as high as 300 beats
per minute.
This causes the blood to be pumped to the ventricles
less efficiently.
A defibrillator is sometimes required to rectify this
condition.
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