PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND

CELLULAR RESPIRATION
NOTES
TEST 2/3/17

MOVING MATERIALS IN PLANTS

Plants need to move water and sugars to different locations inside the
body.
Water moves through vascular tissue called xylem.
Sugars are produced by plants, and are used as food.
Sugars move through vessels called phloem.
Cells in the plant break down sugars to release energy.

MOVING MATERIALS INSIDE PLANTS

Plants also need to move gasses in and out of their leaves.
Water vapor, oxygen, and carbon dioxide all pass through openings
called stomata.
Stomata are found on the underside of leaves.

LEAF ANATOMY
The cells that make up the top and bottom layers of a leaf are called
epidermal cells.
Epidermal cells produce a waxy covering called a cuticle

There are two types of mesophyll cells.

Palisade
Spongy

Photosynthesis takes place in mesophyll cells.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Oxygen is given off as a waste product.
Photosynthesis takes place in organelles called chloroplasts that are
found in mesophyll cells.

STEPS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
The first step. (Light Reactions)

Plants capture energy in light.

Chloroplasts contain pigments.
Pigments absorb and reflect light.
Chlorophyll is a pigments that traps and stores light energy.
Water is split and oxygen is released.

STEPS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
The second step: (Dark Reactions)
Sugars are made
Does not require light
Trapped energy CO2 and hydrogen (from water) are combined to make
sugar.
Glucose C6H12O6
Glucose is stored in starches.
Ex. Potatoes and Carrots

STEPS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Carbon Dioxide + Water -> Sugar + Oxygen
6CO2 + C6H12O6 + 6O2
Photosynthesis produces oxygen we breathe.

CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Energy is stored in bonds in food molecules.
Animals get energy from food.
Plants produce sugar, but without cellular respiration, plants could not
grow, reproduce, or repair tissues.

STEPS OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Two Step process.
Glycolysis
Oxidation of pyruvic acid
Krebs Cycle
Electron transport chain

GLYCOLYSIS
Takes place in the cytoplasm
Does not require oxygen
Glucose is broken down into two pyruvates
Produces a few ATP molecules (2 ATP)

OXIDATION OF PYRUVIC ACID

Takes place in the Mitochondria.
Does require oxygen (aerobic)
Pyruvates are broken down.
Krebs Cycle (2 ATP)
Electron Transport Chain (34 ATP)
Generates large amounts of ATP
Waste products: CO2 and H2O

COMPLETE THE CHART BELOW

Process

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

Reactants

Light energy, CO2, H2O

Glucose [sugar], O2

Products

Glucose, O2

CO2, H2O, ATP

Organelle in which it
occurs

Chloroplasts

Cytoplasm, mitochondria

Type of organism

Photosynthetic organisms
including plants and
algae

Most organisms, including

plants and animals

How are these processes

different?

Photosynthesis requires light energy, CO2, and H2O.

And produces glucose and O2. Cellular respiration
requires glucose and O2 and produces CO2, H2O and
ATP.

How are processes the

same?

The products of photosynthesis are used as the

reactants of cellular respiration, and some of the
products of cellular respiration are used as the