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Earth
Part I
D
Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish
themselves beginning with CO2 and other nutrients
that are inorganic. Photoautotrophs use light to do
this and chemoautrophs uses sources of reduced
inorganic chemicals for energy such as H2S.
D
The purpose of the light reaction is to provide the
Calvin cycle with the necessary chemical energy
needed to reduce CO2 in the formation of a
carbohydrate in the form of ATP and NADPH.
D
Green pigment refects green light and does not
absorb green light.
D
Light energy excites electrons in the photosystem
which eventually reaches a chlorophyll pigment in
the photosystem. This electron then has the
ability to be moved (removed) to the electron
transport chain.
E
The electrons originate from water and are
released when water is split. The electrons are
moved to the electron transport chain where at the
end of the electron transport chain, the electrons
are used to reduce NADP to form NADPH. From
the the NADPH is shuttled to the Calvin cycle
where they are used to reduce CO2 in the
formation of a carbohydrate
B
Both cell respiration and photosynthesis use
chemiosmosis to generate ATP.
B
When two photosystems are involved, NADP is
reduced, water is split, oxygen is produced. This is
noncyclic photophosphorylation. Both cyclic and
noncyclic photophosphorylation involve the
synthesis of ATP with a generation of protonmotive force. Cyclic photophosphorylation only
involves one photosystem.
E
Noncyclic photophosphorylation has two
photosystems and cyclic photophosphorylation only
has one photosystem as shown above.
Comparison of
cyclic versus noncyclic
photophosphorylation