Clouds

Clouds in Humid Regions

Overcast daytime skies during the

rainy season.
 Clouds in Dry Land like
Desert

The sky will be clear without clouds

We can see that the number of cloud
s depends on the air temperature
Summer (hot temperature)
Night (cold temperature)
Winter (cold temperature)
 Landforms
Each land can absorb and release
infrared radiation differently accordin
g to landforms.
 Light colored areas

Better at reflecting than absorbing infrared

radiation. (red-soil areas)
 Dark-colored areas

Better at absorbing than reflecting

infrared radiation
 Water Surfaces

Slowly absorb but keep heat energy

longer than the land (ocean, sea and
lake)
 Thick Forest

Reduce or obstruct sunlight from

permeating the soil. The soil receives less h
eat resulting in cold air
 Big Cities

Receive a large quantity of heat energy

affecting the air temperature to be very
high specially during the day.
 Air Humidity
Humidity- when vapor from evaporation and
transpiration will diffuse into the air.
Evaporation- when the liquid turns to gas or
vapor because of heat
Transpiration- the plants reduce heat through
releasing water from eaves in the form of vapor.
Low humidity- has a high temperature and
the amount of vapor is high.

High humidity- has a low temperature and

the amount of vapor is low.
 Air Density
Is defined as mass of the air per unit
volume of the air.
Characteristics of Air Density
1. At sea level air density is greatest at 1.2
kg per cubic meter.
2. The amount of air close to the Earths
surface is greater than that at a higher
level.
3. In areas of different temperatures, the
density of the air is different.
4. Cold areas is more dense than in hot
areas.
 Atmospheric Pressure
The force of the atmosphere above a unit area
at a certain height from the Earths surface.
Properties of air pressure:
1. Different places- different air pressure
2. Low altitude-low pressure (diving underwater)
3. Same height- same pressure
4. Pressure depends on temperature (cold-high
pressure, hot- low pressure)
5. Pressure depends on humidity (wet humidity-
low pressure, and dry humid- high pressure)
Tools for Measuring Air
Pressure
Mercury
Barometer
A mercury barometer
balances the weight of
mercury in a glass tub
e against the atmosph
eric pressure above a r
eservoir of mercury at
its base to provide a m
easurement of atmosp
heric pressure.
Barograph
Is an instrument used
to make a
continuous recording
of atmospheric press
ure. ... The pen trace
s a record of pressur
e versus time on a c
hart, which is mount
ed on a drum rotate
d by a clockwork.
 Altimeter
Altitude can be determined based on
the measurement of atmospheric pre
ssure. The greater the altitude, the lo
wer the pressure.