Systems Analysis and Design: An Introduction

CHAPTER I
What is Systems analysis and design is a step-by-step
Systems process for developing high-quality information
Analysis and systems. (Shelly et. al)
Design?
Is a structured process that is employed in the
development of business information systems.
Within this process are contained activities that
include the identification of business problems; the
proposed solution, in the form of an information
system (IS), to one or more of the problems
identified; and the design and implementation of
that proposed solution to achieve the desired and
stated goals of the organization. (Marakas)
Systems Analysis and Design: An Introduction
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What is Systems analysis activities are primarily focused on
Systems determining the nature and domain of the business
Analysis? problem and, thus, the characteristics of an
appropriate solution to solve it.

it is here that the analyst is most concerned with

issues such as problem identification, solution
alternatives, solution requirements, and
organizational goals.

Analysis focuses on two basic questions: (1) What

is the problem? (2) What is the best solution to solve
it?
Systems Analysis and Design: An Introduction
CHAPTER I
What is Systems design activities include the final design
Systems specification and the construction, development, and
Design? implementation of the solution proposed during
analysis and deemed best among any alternatives
available.

Design focuses on but a single question: How do

we transform the solution into a usable IS?
Systems Analysis and Design: An Introduction
CHAPTER I
SAD exists as a vehicle for the design of
information systems intended to solve an
identified organizational problem.

It is fact that majority of the proposed solutions

Blue derived from SAD activities are computer-based,
Slips not all SAD solutions incorporate a computer as
an essential element.

In many cases, a good solution attempts to

effect change in the processes involved before
applying or incorporating technology into the
equation.
Systems Analysis and Design: An Introduction
CHAPTER I

What is an An information system combines

Information information technology, data, procedures for
System? processing data, and people who collect and
use the data.

Examples:

information systems handle daily business

transactions, improve company productivity,
and helps managers make sound decisions.
Systems Analysis and Design: An Introduction
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Five Key Components of an Information System

Hardware

Hardware - consists of everything in the physical layer

Software
Data of the information system
Processes - examples are servers, workstations,
People
networks, telecommunications equipment, fiber-optic
cables, handheld computers, scanners, digital capture
devices
Systems Analysis and Design: An Introduction
CHAPTER I

Five Key Components of an Information System

Software
Hardware
Software - refers to the programs that control the
Data
Processes
hardware and produce the desired information or
People results.
- consists of system software and application
software

System Software manages the hardware components, which can include a single
workstation or a global network with many thousands of clients.

Application Software consists of programs that support day-to-day business functions

and provide users with the information they require.
Systems Analysis and Design: An Introduction
CHAPTER I

Five Key Components of an Information System

Data
Hardware
Software
Data
- raw material that an information system
Processes transform into useful information.
People

Points to ponder

DATA vis--vis INFORMATION

Systems Analysis and Design: An Introduction
CHAPTER I

Five Key Components of an Information System

Processes

Hardware - describe the tasks and business functions that

Software
Data users, managers and IT staff members perform to
Processes achieve specific results.
People

- building blocks of an information system,

because they represent actual day-to-day business
operations.

- to build a successful information system,

analysts must understand business process and
document them carefully.
Systems Analysis and Design: An Introduction
CHAPTER I

Five Key Components of an Information System

People
Hardware
Software
Data - the primary purpose of an information system
Processes
People is to provide valuable information to people
Systems Analysis and Design: An Introduction
CHAPTER I

Information
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Network Resources
Systems Analysis and Design: An Introduction
CHAPTER I

Why study The involvement of managers and decision

Information makers in all aspects of information systems is a
Systems? major factor for organizational success,
including higher profits and lower costs.

A knowledge of information systems will help

you make a significant contribution in the job.

It will help you advance in your chosen career

or field.
Systems Analysis and Design: An Introduction
CHAPTER I

The Information systems play a fundamental and

Fundamental ever-expanding role in all business
Roles of organizations. It plays three vital roles in any
Information type of organization.
Systems?
Support for business operations
Support for managerial decision making
Support for strategic competitive advantage
Systems Analysis and Design: An Introduction
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Benefits and An effective information system can have a

Uses of major impact on corporate strategy and
Information organizational success. This impact can benefit
Systems? the organization, users of the information
system, and any individual or group who will
interact with the information system.
Systems Analysis and Design: An Introduction
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Benefits and Some benefits and uses of information systems

Uses of include:
Information
Systems? Added value to products
Competitive advantage
Greater accuracy
High-quality products
Increased productivity
Reduced costs
Superior managerial and financial decision
making
Systems Analysis and Design: An Introduction
CHAPTER I

A Because many chief executive officers, if not

Framework most, are resigned to techno-illiteracy, they
for Business depend on resident technologists- usually at the
End Users chief information officer level- for critical
decisions that may make or break the company.
Unfortunately, as much as CEOs are unfamiliar
with information technology, the CIOs are
unfamiliar with the core businesses that
technology is intended to support.

Charles Wang
Technology Disconnect-Real World Danger
Computerworld, September 19, 1994
Systems Analysis and Design: An Introduction
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A
Framework
for Business Management of IS
End Users Resources and
Activities

Development of IS
This framework Solutions to Business Problems
outlines the
major areas of
Applications of IS
information Operations, Management, and Strategic Advantage
systems
knowledge
Technology of IS
needed by HW, SW, Telecommunications, and Data Management
business end
users Foundation Concepts of IS
Fundamental Behavioral and Technical Concepts
Systems Analysis and Design: An Introduction
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A
Foundation Concepts
Framework
for Business Fundamental behavior and technical concepts that
End Users will help you understand how information systems can
support the business operations, managerial decision
making, and strategic advantage of business firms and
organizations.

Technology

Major concepts, developments, and management

issues in information technology- that is hardware,
software, telecommunications, database management, and
other information processing technologies.
Systems Analysis and Design: An Introduction
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A
Applications
Framework
for Business The major uses of information systems for end
End Users user computing and operations, management, and
competitive advantage of business firms and other
organizations.

Development

How end users or information specialists develop

information systems solutions to business problems using
fundamental problem-solving and development
methodologies.
Systems Analysis and Design: An Introduction
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A
Management
Framework
for Business The challenges involved in managing the resources
End Users and technologies of information systems at the end user,
enterprise, and global levels of business.
Systems Analysis and Design: An Introduction
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Types of Conceptually, information systems in the real

Information world can be classified in several different ways.
Systems They can be classifies as either operations or
management information systems. Information
systems are categorized this way to spotlight the
major roles each plays in the operations and
management of a business.
Systems Analysis and Design: An Introduction
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Information
Types of Systems
Information
Systems

Support of Operations Management Support of

Business Support Systems Support Systems Managerial
Operations Decision
Making

Transaction Process Office Management Decision Executive

Processing Control Automation Information Support Support
Systems Systems Systems Systems Systems Systems

Processing Control of Office Prespecified Interactive Information

Business Industrial Communications Reporting for Decision Tailored for
Transactions Processes and Productivity Managers Support Executives
Systems Analysis and Design: An Introduction
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Types of
Information
Systems
Management Support
Strategic Systems
Management EIS
The relationship DSS
of management Tactical MIS
support systems Management
and operations
Operational OAS
support systems
Management TPS
to business
PCS
operations and
the levels of Business Operations
management. Operations Support
Systems
Systems Analysis and Design: An Introduction
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Recognizing As a business end user, you should be able to

Information recognize fundamental components of
Systems information systems you encounter in the real
world. You should be able to identify:

This kind of The people, hardware, software, data, and

understanding
will help you be network resources they use.
a better users, Then types of information products they
developer, and produce.
manager of
information
The way they perform input, processing, output,
systems. storage and control activities.
How they support the business operations,
managerial decision making, or competitive
advantage of a business.
Systems Analysis and Design: An Introduction
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IS: An Information systems play a vital role in the

Enterprise business success of an enterprise. Information
Perspective technology can provide the information a
business needs for efficient operations, effective
management, and computer advantage.
Proper
management of
information However, if information systems do not properly
systems is a support the strategic objectives, business
major challenge operations, or management needs of an enterprise,
for managers.
they can seriously damage its prospects for
survival and success.
Systems Analysis and Design: An Introduction
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IS: An The information systems function represents:

Enterprise
Perspective A major functional area of business that is
important to business success as the functions of
accounting, finance, operations management,
marketing, and human resource management.

A major part of the resources of an enterprise

and its cost of doing business thus posing a major
resource management challenge.

A vital, dynamic, and challenging career

opportunity for millions of men and women.
Systems Analysis and Design: An Introduction
CHAPTER I

IS: An The information systems function represents:

Enterprise
Perspective An important factor affecting operational
efficiency, employee productivity and morale, and
customer service and satisfaction.

A major source of information and support

needed to promote effective decision making by
managers.

An important ingredient in developing

competitive products and services that give an
organization a strategic advantage in the global
marketplace.
Systems Analysis and Design: An Introduction
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Reminders

SAD is not about computers, it is about problems and their

solutions.

The modern systems analyst is not as much a computer

professional as he or she is an organizational problem solver.