Simulation and design of PFC boost

converter with EMI filter

 CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT
POWER FACTOR CORRECTION METHOD
OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT
DESIGN OF EMI FILTER
DESIGN OF BOOST CONVERTER
FEEDBACK NETWORK
SIMULATION AND HARDWARE RESULT
APPLICATION
ADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
Harmonics distortion in current

waveform
Power factor

Electromagnetic interference in SMPS

Power factor correction techniques

Output voltage regulation

Design of boost converter with EMI filter

MATLAB SIMULINK
 TYPES OF CIRCUIT

There are two types of circuits based on

the type of current waveform
Linear loads
Non-linear loads
The type of loads which doesnt change
the current waveform shape are known
as linear loads
The loads on the others case which
change the shape (distort) the current
waveform are termed as non-linear loads
 POWER FACTOR

It is the ratio of real power flowing through the

load to the apparent power in the circuit

It is also defined as the cosine of the angle

between the voltage and current phases

It is a dimensionless no between 0 and 1

Whether the current is leading or lagging the

power factor is termed as leading or lagging PF

correspondingly
 DISADVANTAGES OF LOW PF
Voltage regulation becomes poor

Greater amount of apparent power needed to get

the same amount of real power

The increase in reactive power increases the

current flowing through the network

Size of the transformer, switch gears etc. increase

thereby increasing the transmission cost

Poor power factor could cost you dearly
POWER FACTOR CORRECTION METHOD

PASSIVE PFC ACTIVE PFC

capacitors or inductors as Boost , Buck or Buck-Boost is
required required

Power efficiency is less Power efficiency is larger

It is a simple circuit It is complex circuit

Have low stability Have high stability

THD is not too less THD Is very less

Size, Weight And Cost Size, Weight And Cost

Limits Is Too High Limits Is Less
POWER FACTOR CORRECTION METHOD
 ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE

EMI is defined as the undesirable signal which

causes unsatisfactory operation of a circuit or device.
SOURCES OF EMI
CELL PHONE
TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER
WIRELESS ROUTER
SWITCHING POWER SPPLIES
SWITCHING AMPLIFIER
PROCESSOR AND LOGIC CIRCUIT
SYSTEM CLOCK AND OSCILLATOR
EMI RECEPTORS
 TYPES OF EMI
EMI

Radiated Magnitude Conducted

<<
Metal cabinets is used

differential mode common

mode
The frequency ranges of EMI noise are 10KHz to
30MHz by conduction through wires and 30MHz to
1GHz by radiation
 PROBLEM DUE TO
EMI
Crosstalk In Transmission Lines

Fig. Crosstalk between power line

Crosstalk is the coupling of EM energy from
one transmission line to the another via:
- Mutual Inductance(magnetic field)
- Mutual Capacitance(electric field)
 PROBLEM DUE TO EMI
Transients In Power Supply Lines
if the noise peak(Transients) are excessively high
damage could first occur to the SMPS and
then to the victim (ex. computer) circuitry.
The p-n junction of the rectified diodes can
break down due to the excessive biasing
The capacitors may degreed, if the noise is
opposite in polarity or exceeds operating
limits, transformers isolation may break down
 OBJECTIVES

To implement of boost power factor correction

converter along with EMI filter
 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig, block diagram of embedded boost converter with

EMI filter
HARDWARE & SOFTWARE REQUIREMNTS

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT:
MATLAB-SIMULINK

METHODOLGY:

PI controller based PWM technique.

DESIGN OF EMI FILTER
Add filter to prevent noise conducted to Supply
or Load
Must be designed so it does not affect SMPS
stability
Components
-Capacitors
- Inductors
PURPOSE OF INDUCTOR
d
 DESIGN OF EMI FILTER
PURPOSE OF CAPACITOR
PROCEDURE TO DESIGN EMI FILTER

Fig. Flowchart to design EMI filter

CIRCUIT AND DESIGN FORMULAES

INDUCTOR
CAPACITOR
CONDUCTED EMI BEFORE AND AFTER FILTER
Input current and voltage waveform after EMI Filter

Input current and voltage waveform after EMI Filter

ADVANTAGE OF EMI FILTER

Compatibility, reliability and maintainability

are increased.

Design safety margin is provided.

The equipment operates in EMI scenario

satisfactorily.

Product life is increased.

Higher profits are possible.

DESIGN OF BOOST CONVERTER
BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig.Block diagram of boost converter

Component : inductor, capacitor, mosfet ,
diode , microcontroller
Output voltage is greater than input voltage
- Step up converter/Boost converter
-V = Supply voltage + inductor voltage
 CIRCUIT DESIGN
Output voltage always
higher
than the input voltage

iL
When the switch is ON:
L
D
Diode is reversed biased
+ vL

Vd
+
vo
output circuit is thus
S C
isolated inductor is
charged.

When the switch is OFF:

iL
D The
+ vL -
+
output stage received
Vd
S C vo
-
energy from the inductor
as
well as from the input.
 COMPONENT CALCULATION
INDUCTOR
Vin = input voltage
Vout= desired output voltage
Fs = switching
frequency of converter

IL=inductor
ripple current
MOSFET
IRFP250N
Switching device
Voltage controlled
 COMPONENT CALCULATION
DIODE SPECIFICATION

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

D=duty cycle

Resistive load
5K, 10W
 FEEDBACK NETWORK
Why closed loop feedback circuit is Essential ?
closed-loop control methods for PWM dc-dc
converters
voltage-mode control
-PI controller based methodology in simulation
-Embedded feedback boost converter in hardware
Voltage mode control

Fig. PI controller based methodology in simulation

 EMBEDDED FEEDBACK FOR BOOST
CONVERTER

Fig. Feedback circuit in Hardware

converters set the output voltage with a resistive

divider network
PWM GENERATION USING MICROCONTROLLER

Fig. Flowchart to generate pwm wave using

microcontroller
DRIVER CIRCUIT

Fig. Driver circuit

Hardware and List of Component
n Components Specification
o
1 PIC PIC16F877A
MICROCONTROLLER
2 MOSFET IRF250N
3 DRIVER IR2109
4 OPTO-ISOLATOR

5 CRYSTAL 10MHz
no
6 MOSFET DRIVER

7 VOLTAGE REGULATOR LM7805

8 INDUCTOR 1mh,
9 RESISTOR 220k,10k,5k,22
0ohm
1 CAPACITOR 1mf,10uf,470uf
0
1 LCD STARGL0W160
1 2A
Fig. Proposed hardware
1 FULLWAVE REACTIFIRE MICBR68
 SIMULATION RESULT
Conventional rectifier

Fig. Conventional Rectifier circuit

 CONVENTIONAL RECTIFIRE CIRCUIT RESULT

Input Current waveform = Spikes

Total harmonics distortion=55.20%

Output voltage =vary

BOOST CONVERTER

Fig. Closed loop boost converter

 RESULT
Input curnt waveform=spikes

Total harmonics distortion=145.20%

Output voltage
BOOST CONVERTER WITH EMI
FILTER

Fig. Closed loop boost converter with EMI

Filter
BOOST CONVERTER WITH EMI FILTER CIRCUIT
RESULT
Input current and voltage waveform after EMI
Filter
 BOOST CONVERTER WITH EMI FILTER CIRCUIT
RESULT
Total harmonics distortion=0.76%

Output Voltage=constant
CLOSED LOOP BOOST CONVERTER FOR SOLAR APPLICATION

Fig. Boost converter for solar

application
CLOSED LOOP BOOST CONVERTER FOR SOLAR
APPLICATION CIRCUIT RESULT
 ADVANTAGES
Improved power quality

Reduced harmonics distortion

Voltage boost operation

Reduced electromagnetic interference

Higher efficiency

Constant output voltage regulation

 APPLICATIONS
Used for Power factor corrections
Used in HVE(Hybrid electric vehicles)
Used for Solar power system
Household Application
Used in HVDC system
Applicable for LCDBACKLIGHTS & FLASH LIGHTS

AC with Pure
INVERTER Noise & EMI Filter AC
spikes
 CONCLUSION
The simulation of APFC boost converter with EMI

filter is carried out in MATLAB SIMULIK software

From the experimental result we observed that the

given system provides Constant voltage boosting

EMI Filters used to attenuate conducted EMI to

protect supply / Load

Reduce harmonics distortion of about 2%

Its hardware implementation has been done and

result are obtained

THANK YOU