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By Rohit Tripathi
DFT Problems
It is complex because it uses complex
computations.
It has poor energy compaction.
Note: Energy compaction -This means
that the energy in the spatial or image
domain , is typically concentrated in a
smaller number of coefficients.
If compaction is high, we have to
transmit only a few coefficients.
DCT
It overcomes the problems of DFT.
Its coefficients are real because it uses
real computations.This makes DCT
hardware simpler as compared to DFT.
It has high energy compaction capability
because its coefficient values are low that
can be encoded at very low bit rates
without degrading the image quality
significantly.
It can be computed using DFT or FFT also.
Types of DCT
There are various versions of the
DCT.
These are usually known as DCT-I
to DCT-IV.
The most popular is the DCT-II, also
known as even symmetric DCT, or
as the DCT.
Applications
The DCT is the basis of the image-
compression standard issued by the
Joint Photographic Experts Group
(JPEG).
The DCT is also used in the MPEG
(Moving Picture Experts
Group)standard for video compression
and in many streaming video players.
1D DCT
For an array of N data items,1D DCT
is defined by:
Figure 1
Figure 1 (a)1(d) shows the progression
of image quality, as the lowest 1, 3, 6,
and 21 DCT coefficients are included in
the reconstructed image. Note that
even with 1 DCT coefficient, the image
is recognizable, and the image with 21
reconstructed coefficients is virtually
indistinguishable from the original
image [Figure 1(e)].
Figure 1(a) with only one DCT coefficient
Figure 1(b) with 1st 3 DCT coefficients
Figure 1(c) with 1st 6 DCT coefficients
Figure 1(d) with 1st 21 DCT
coefficients
Original Mandrill image
Limitation of DCT
Limitation of DCT:
Serious blocking artifacts are introduced
at the pixel boundaries
Note: Blocking artifacts
DCT involves discarding some of the media's
data so that it becomes simplified enough to
be stored within the desireddisk space or be
transmitted within the bandwidth limitations
(known as a data rate orbit rate).
If the compressed file could not reproduce
enough data on decompression to reproduce
the original, the result is a degraded quality
media or introduction of artifacts.
Limitation of DCT
Ans.(A)
2. DCT is applied on the following 2x2 pixel
array:
Ans.(C)
Q3.Determine 1D DCT of array
x(n)=[ 5 4 3 2]
Ans. X(k)=[7 2.23 0 0.16]
Ans.
1 0 0 0
0 -1 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 -1
Q5.Determine 2D DCT of 2x2 array
0 1
1 0
Ans. 1 0
0 -1