Reading

Reading along with listening

is characterized as a passive
skill.
Two important concepts are
Bottom-up and Top-down.
Bottom-up processing involves
decoding written symbols into
sounds.
Top-down involves using our pre-
existing knowledge to make sense
of what we read .
Reading for communicative
purposes is one of two important
functions of reading , that refers to
the real-world purposes of reading.
the second is reading for
educational purposes , that is to
increase our knowledge
VIGNETTE is a class takes place with a
group of adult learners in a second
language class-room . The students
have completed a listening
comprehensions exercise and also
done a language exercise focusing on
wh -questions for obtaining information
about travel .
The teacher picks up a bundle of tourist
brochures about a seaside resort .
The students work in groups . And
finally the students begin looking at
the brochures in their groups and
the teacher follow students and ask
questions and encouraging them .
 Models of reading
The reading process has three
models:
Bottom-up reading
Top-down reading
Interactive reading.
Bottom-up reading begins by matching
individual letters of the alphabet . The reader
uses background knowledge , makes
predictions and searches the text to confirm
the predictions that are made .

Top-down is if the reader has a test

hypotheses ,reading takes even longer than
decoding , the reader doesnt have the
relevant background knowledge.
Build a Strong Vocabulary Base

The extensive vocabulary is very

important for all aspects of
language use , none more so than
reading . So to develop a rich
vocabulary , the extensive reading
is one of the most effective way .
Teach for Comprehension

Itsimportant for readers to be

thinking about what theyre doing
as they read , a process that refers
to as comprehension monitoring .
Learners are taught to ask questions
as they read the text .
The questions as :
What is the author truing to tell me here ?
How does this connect with what he wrote
in the previous paragraph ?
What is the authors most important poin
here ?
Encourage readers , to transform
strategies into skills .
Strategies are : the mental and
communicative processes that
students start to learn the second
language .
Memorizing ; inductive learning ;
deductive learning .
Strategies are the tools that permit the
learner to take control of their own learning ,
because of this strategies are very important .
The teacher focused on the strategy of
scanning for specific imformation .
This is a key strategy in many kinds of reading
, and this one readers use it very effectively .
What teachers want to know .

Extensive reading
Intensive reading
Graphic organizer
What teachers want to know .

To encourage the extensive reading

, modeling and giving students
concrete examples are great way .
Intensive reading involves the
detailed reading of shorter texts
than extensive reading .
Graphic organizer including :

mini maps
concept maps
advance organizer

These are visual reprezentation of the

content or concepts in a written text.
Small group discussion

Teacher are discussion interactive

approach to the reading process
based on several overview articles
that they have been reading .
From the small group discussion ,
learners take an interactive approach
to the reading combining their
background knowledges and
experiences with thei knowledge of
the language .
So , the teacher have to get them
involved and encouraging them to
make their own contributions to the
learning process .
Build a strong vocabulary base
Teach for comprehension read-
then-test comprehension
monitoring; questioning the
author .
Encourage readers to transform
skills intro strategies .
 Reading
has three important principles of
teaching reading .
and three important models of reading :
bottom-up , top-down and interactive
processing .
And two important functions : reading
for communicative and educational
purpose .