INDUCTION MOTOR

PROTECTION FOR SINGLE

PHASING, OVERVOLTAGE
AND OVER TEMPERATURE
Submitted by:Arslan Karim
CONTENTS
Project overview
Block diagram
Power supply
Thermistor
Comparator
Relay
Schematic & Working of the project
Advantages
Applications
Future scope
Conclusion
 PROJECT OVERVIEW
The basic idea for the development of the
project is to provide safety to the Induction
Motor.
If any of the phases, out of the 3 phases is
missing and also if the temperature of the
motor during operation exceeds the prescribed
value, the supply to the induction motor is cut
off immediately.
The kit is supplied with a 3phase power i.e.,
the three transformers are connected to the 3
phases supply.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
POWER SUPPLY
CONTD..
The 230V AC supply is first stepped down to 12V
AC using a step down transformer.
This is then converted to DC using bridge
rectifier.
The AC ripples is filtered out by using a
capacitor and given to the input pin of voltage
regulator 7805.
At output pin of this regulator we get a constant
5V DC which is used for MC and other ICs in this
project.
A blocking diode is connected to take the
pulsating waveform.
THERMISTOR
A thermistor is a type of resistor whose
resistance varies significantly (more than in
standard resistors) with temperature.
The word is a portmanteau of thermal and
resistor.
Thermistors are widely used as inrush current
limiters, temperature sensors, self-resetting
over current protectors, and self-regulating
heating elements.
COMPARATOR

op amps & comparators look very similar

But a comparator gives a logic output
indicating the relative potentials on its
two inputs
An op amp amplifies the differential
voltage between its two inputs and is
designed always to be used in closed-loop
applications
 CONTD..
Potential dividers are connected to the inverting
and non inverting inputs of the op-amp to give
some voltage at these terminals.
Supply voltage is given to +V and V is connected
to ground.
The output of this comparator will be logic high
(i.e., supply voltage) if the non-inverting
terminal input is greater than the inverting
terminal input of the comparator.
If the inverting terminal input is greater than the
non-inverting terminal input then the output of
the comparator will be logic low (i.e., gnd).
RELAY
A relay is an electrically operated switch.
Current flowing through the coil of the relay
creates a magnetic field which attracts a
lever and changes the switch contacts.
The coil current can be on or off so relays
have two switch positions and have double
throw (changeover) switch contacts as
shown in the diagram.
CONTD..
Relays allow one circuit to switch a second
circuit which can be completely separate
from the first.
For example a low voltage battery circuit can
use a relay to switch a 230V AC mains circuit.
There is no electrical connection inside the
relay between the two circuits, the link is
magnetic and mechanical.
To drive relay through MC ULN2003 relay
driver IC is used
 WORKING OF PROJECT
In normal operations RV1, RV2, RV3 & RV4 are so set that
the output of the comparators is held low resulting in 4
relays in deactivated condition while the 3CO relay is in
active operation.
In the event of failure of any phase the corresponding
comparator output goes high that drives the relay the
contact of which opens to discontinue the DC supply to
the 3CO relay.
The phase motor connected in series with the NO contacts
thus open to stop the motor.
Similarly while the temperature goes high on the body of
the motor the mounted Thermistor resistance falls to
develop logic high for Q4 to operate R4 & disconnect the
DC voltage to the 3CO relay.
Thus in the process motor is protected against any phase
failure or high temperature.