3G Ericsson

Radio Parameter
TELKOMSEL

Prepared by Adithya Yudha

Contents
Idle Mode
Handover
Power Control
Capacity Management
Channel Switching
HSDPA
Idle Mode and Common Channel
behavior
Cell Selection 3G part
Criteria for Cell Selection
Squel > 0 , Squal = Qqualmeas-qQualMin (only for WCDMA cells) and
Srxlev > 0 , Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas-qRxLevMin - Pcompensation (for all cells)

Pcompensation = max (maxTxPowerUl - P, 0)

Qqualmeas > qQualMin (-18dB) and

Qrxlevmeas > qRxLevMin (-115dBm) - max (maxTxPowerUl (24dB) - P, 0)

qQualMin : indicates the minimum required quality value in the cell. It is sent in
system information, in SIB3 for the serving cell, and in SIB11 for adjacent cells
qRxLevMin : indicates the minimum required signal strength in the cell. It is sent
in SIB3 for the serving cell and in SIB11 for adjacent cells
maxTxPowerUl : indicates the maximum allowed transmission power when the
UE accesses the system on RACH. It is broadcast in SIB3
 Cell Selection 3G part
Qqualmeas (dB)
(CPICH Ec/N0) Squal >0 AND
Squal > 0 Srxlev > 0

qQualMin
(18)

Squal = Qqualmeas qQualMin

qRxLevMin Qrxlevmeas (dBm)

(115) CPICH RSCP

Pcompensation
suitabl
e Pcompensation = max(maxTxPowerUl P, 0) (dB)
Srxlev > 0
cell?
Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - qRxLevMin Pcompensation
Cell Reselection 3G part
First according to S criteria
Squal > 0 (only WCDMA cells)
Srxlev > 0

The cells are ranked according to the R criteria:

R(serving) = Qmeas(s) + qHyst(s)
R(neighbor) = Qmeas(n) - qOffset(s,n)

qHyst1 : Based on CPICH RSCP

qHyst(s)
qHyst2 : Based on CPICH Ec/No

qOffset1sn : Based on CPICH RSCP

qOffset(s,n)
qOffset2sn : Based on CPICH Ec/No
(1 ) qHyst(s) and qOffset(sn) based on CPICH RSCP only
(2 ) With this setting the UE first makes qHyst(s) and qOffset(sn)
qualMeasQuantity =x based on CPICH RSCP . If a GSM cell is highest ranked, no more
ranking is done. If a WCDMA neighbor is highest ranked, a second
ranking takes place, this time according to CPICH Ec/No, and
excluding all GSM neighbors
Cell Reselection 3G part
R CRITERIA :
R(serving) = Qmeas(s) + qHyst(s)
R(neighbor) = Qmeas(n) - qOffset(s,n)

Note that parameter qOffset1sn works identically for WCDMA-GSM and

WCDMA-WCDMA neighbor relations.

But the values of GSM RSSI and WCDMA CPICH RSCP are not of the same
nature and therefore not directly comparable.

[CPICH RSCP] = [GSM RSSI] + 7

As an example a measured RSCP on a WCDMA CPICH of -100 dBm would be

comparable to a GSM broadcast channel RSSI of -93 dBm. A parameter setting of
a GSM neighbor to qOffset1sn = +7 will thus make the received signal strength
in the WCDMA and the GSM cell comparable.
 Cell Reselection 3G part
MEASUREMENT ON INTRA AND INTER-RAT NEIGHBOR

The decision about when intrafrequency measurements are performed is made using the
sIntraSearch parameter in relation to Squal:
If the Squal > sIntraSearch, the UE does not need to perform intrafrequency measurements.
If the Squal <= sIntraSearch value, the UE performs intrafrequency measurements.
If the sIntraSearch = 0 , is not sent to the serving cell, the UE performs intrafrequency measurements.

The decision about when GSM measurements are performed is made using the sRatSearch
parameter in relation to Squal and the sHcsRat parameter in relation to Srxlev:
If the Squal > sRatSearch and the Srxlev > sHcsRat, the UE does not need to perform measurements on
GSM cells.
If the Squal <= sRatSearch value and/or the Srxlev <= sHcsRat value, the UE performs measurements on
GSM cells.

Squal <= sRatSearch

Qqualmeas-qQualMin <= sRatSearch
Qqualmeas <= qQualMin (-18dB) + sRatSearch (4dB)

Srxlev <= sHcsRat

Qrxlevmeas-qRxLevMin Pcompensation <= sHcsRat
Qrxlevmeas <= qRxLevMin (-107dBm) + 0 + sHcsRat (3dB)
Cell Reselection 3G part
Measurements on GSM Neighbors
 Cell Reselection 3G part

RSCP
qHyst1 = 4 dB
GSM cell measurements First ranking of all the cells based on
CPICH RSCP (WCDMA) and RSSI (GSM) qOffset1sn = 0 dB
available If : qQualMin = -18 dB
Rs = CPICH RSCP/GSM RSSI + Qhyst1

RSSI
CPICH Ec/No qQualMin < SRatSearch sRATsearch = 4 dB
Rn= CPICH_RSCP(n) or RXLEV(n) - Qoffset1
Rs = Serving WCDMA cell qOffset1sn = 7 dB
calculation, with qRxlevMin = -107 dBm
hysteresis parameter

Rn = Neighbour WCDMA or GSM

cell calculation with offset Yes No
Rn higher in GSM cell
parameter

Qhyst2 = 4 dB
qOffset2sn = 0 dB
Cell re-selection
to GSM
Second ranking only for WCDMA cells based on
If a TDD or GSM cell is ranked as the best cell, then the UE CPICH Ec/No
must perform cell re-selection to that TDD or GSM cell.
Rs = CPICH Ec/No + Qhyst2
If a FDD cell is ranked as the best cell and Rn= CPICH Ec/No -Qoffset2
cell_selection_and_reselection-quality_measure is set to
CPICH RSCP, the UE shall perform cell re-selection to that
FDD cell.
Cell re-selection to
If a FDD cell is ranked as the best cell and WCDMA cell of highest
cell_selection_and_reselection-quality_measure is set to R value
CPICH Ec/No, the UE shall perform a second ranking of the
FDD cells according to the R criteria using the measurement
quantity CPICH Ec/No calculating the R values of the FDD
 Cell Reselection 2G part
Measurements on 3G Neighbors
The parameters QSI and QSC define thresholds and also indicate whether these
measurements shall be performed when the signal strength (SS) of the serving cell is below or
above the threshold. QSI is used for idle and packet switched modes and broadcast on BCCH
and PBCCH (if enabled), while QSC is used for active mode, sent on SACCH

There are 4 different scenarios to choose from. Parameters QSI and QSC are set per GSM cell and define
both the scenario and the necessary threshold, at the same time:
UTRAN neighboring cells are measured only when the signal strength of the GSM serving cell is above
the threshold set by QSI and QSC
UTRAN neighbor cells are measured only when the signal strength of the GSM serving cell is below the
threshold set by QSI and QSC .
UTRAN neighbor cells are always measured.
UTRAN neighbor cells are never measured. This can be used to turn off the cell reselection/handover to
UMTS, per cell, even if COEXUMTS is ON for the BSC.

Value 0 1 6 7 8 9 10 14 15

dBm -98 -94 -74 Always -78 -74 -70 -54 Never

If RLA_C < -94 UE If RLA_C > -70 UE

UE always UE never
starts 3G starts 3G
measures 3G cells measures 3G cells
measurements measurements
 Cell Reselection 2G part
Example 1: If an UTRAN cell should serve purely to extend the coverage for Multi-
RAT MSs in GSM, it is logical to set QSI /QSC values from 0-6, since it's only
needed to make cell reselection and handovers to UMTS when the GSM coverage
falls low.
 Cell Reselection 2G part
Example 2: If an UTRAN cell is co-sited with a GSM cell, there is a certain
correlation between signal strengths of the two systems. If the GSM is for example
using 900MHz band it is very probable that the GSM signal strength will always be
higher than the UTRAN signal, for a number of dBs. Therefore, there is no point in
measuring UTRAN cells in low GSM signal conditions and values 8-14 can be
selected accordingly.
Cell Reselection 2G part

Criteria :
CPICH Ec/No > FDDQMIN (-13dB) and
CPICH RSCP > RLA(s+n) + FDDQOFF (-infinite)

FDDQMIN
Value 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

dBm -20 -19 -18 -17 -16 -15 -14 -13

FDDQOFF
Value 0 1 2 3 8 14 15

dBm -32 -28 -24 -20 0 24 28

(infinity)
Always select Reselect in case RSCP >
irrespective of RSCP GSM RXLev (RLA_C)
value +28dB
 Cell Reselection 2G part DEFAULT:
DEFAULT:
Cell Reselection List fdd
fdd cell reselectoffset
cell reselect offse
BCCH: FDDQMIN, FDDQOFF select always
select always
(value
(valueisis-infinity)
-infinity)
QSI = 7(always)
minimum
minimumfddfdd
UE
UEstarts
startsWCDMA
WCDMAmeasurements
measurementsififRxlev
Rxlev threshold
Check levels every 5s running average (RLA_C) is below or above threshold = -12dB
= -12 dB
running average (RLA_C) is below or above
from serving GSM cell certain
certainthreshold:
threshold:
and best 6 GSM RLA_C
RLA_C QSIor
QSI orQSC
QSC
neighbour cells

FDDQOFF = -32 dB
Compare levels UE
UEcan
canselect
selectWCDMA
WCDMAcell cellifif the
thelevel
levelofofthe
the
of all GSM cells serving
serving GSM and non-serving GSM cells hasbeen
GSM and non-serving GSM cells has been

05.08:This may take up to 30s

to WCDMA exceeded by certain offset for a period of
exceeded by certain offset for a period of 5 s: 5 s:
neighbour CPICH
CPICHRSCP
RSCP>> RLA_C
RLA_C++FDDQOFFFDDQOFF WCDMA
RSCP
RSCP > (aveRxLev) +-32
> (aveRxLev) + -32 cell
FDDQMIN = -13 dB reselecti
Check quality on
of neighbour UE
WCDMA cells, no UEwill
willre-select
re-selectWCDMA
WCDMAcell cellinincase
caseit's
it's
quality is acceptable:
quality is acceptable:
priorities between
WCDMA CPICH Ec/NoFDDQMIN
CPICHEc/No FDDQMIN
neighbours EcNo -13
EcNo -13
Idle Mode Parameter Summary
Cell Selection and Reselection
accessClassNBarred Indicates whether or not access class N is barred ( N = 0 to 15).
0 : not barred
1 : barred
Start from least significatant bit:
bit 0 : class 0
bit 1 : class 1
bit 2 : class 2
.......
bit 15 : class 15

bandIndicator Indicates the frequency band of the external GSM cell.

The BCCH frequency is unique for all GSM bands except the two GSM
bands DCS1800 and PCS1900, so the band indicator is needed to
discriminate between the two. When the ExternalGsmCell has a BCCH
frequency indicating some other frequency band, then the band
indicator is not needed and may be set to "Not applicable".

bcchFrequency BCCH frequency code in the GSM cell. Contains the absolute radio
frequency channel number of the BCCH channel for the GSM cell. It
uniquely identifies the BCCH.
cellReserved Indicates if this cell shall be reserved for operator use. If it is reserved,
there will be no service to the UEs.
fachMeasOccaCycLenCoeff
Fach Measurement Occasion Cycle Length coefficient. A factor used
when the UE performs inter-frequency and inter-system
measurements. The UE uses this parameter to calculate the interval
length in order to determine the repeating cycle of the measurement.

0 : not broadcasted in SIB 11.

1 : not used.
2 : not used.
3 : used when inter frequency and GSM neighbours.
4 : used when inter freqency or GSM neighbours.
5 - 12 not used.

interFreqFddMeasIndicator Inter-frequency FDD measurement indicator.

FALSE = No
TRUE = Yes
Idle Mode Parameter Summary
maxTxPowerUl
The maximum UE transmission power on the RACH when accessing
the system. Used in UE functions for cell selection/reselection in idle
mode and connected mode. Also used by UTRAN to control the
maximum TX power level an UE may use.

If the current UE uplink transmit power is above the indicated power

value, the UE shall decrease the power to a level below the power
value. Value launched by System information (SIB11) for each intra-
frequency measurement object corresponding to adjacent cells of
serving cell.
Unit: 1 dBm
Resolution: 1

-50: -50 dBm

...
33: 33 dBm
100 : Default value. The parameter is not sent in SIB11 and the UE will
use the maximum output power for this GSM cell, according to its radio
access capability.

maxTxPowerUl (serving cell, WCDMA neighbor within same RNC)

maxTxPowerUl (WCDMA neighbor belonging to another RNC)
maxTxPowerUl (GSM neighbor)
mcc The MCC part of the PLMN identity used in the GSM radio network.

The PLMN identity consists of two parts:

1. MobileCountryCode, MCC, 3 digits
2. MobileNetworkCode, MNC, 2 or 3 digits
Example: If MCC=125 and MNC=46 then plmnId=12546.

mnc The MNC part of the PLMN identity used in the radio network.

The PLMN identity consists of two parts:

1. MobileCountryCode, MCC, 3 digits
2. MobileNetworkCode, MNC, 2 or 3 digits
Example: If MCC=125 and MNC=46 then plmnId=12546.
nmo Network operation mode that indicates whether the Gs interface
between the SGSN and MSC/VLR is installed.
primaryScramblingCode The primary downlink scrambling code to be used in the external cell.
Idle Mode Parameter Summary
qHyst1 Cell reselection hysteresis used in UE functions in idle and connected
mode. Value launched by System information (SIB3).

Resolution: 2

qHyst2 The hysteresis value of the serving cell. Used to perform cell ranking
for the serving cell.

Resolution: 2
qOffset1sn Signal stength offset between source and target cells. Used when the
IE "cell_selection_and_reselection_quality_measure" in SIB 11/12 is
set to "CPICH RSCP". This is configured through
UtranCell::qualMeasQuantity.

Unit: 1 dB
Resolution: 1
-50 : -50dB
-49 : -49dB
-48 : -48dB
......
50 : 50dB

qOffset1sn (WCDMA neighbor relation)

qOffset1sn (GSM neighbor relation)
qOffset2sn (WCDMA neighbor relation)
qQualMin
Used in UE functions for cell selection/reselection in idle mode and
connected mode. Minimum required (acceptable) quality level in the
cell (dB). Used to set cell border between two cells.

Unit: 1 dB
Resolution: 1
-24 : -24dB
......
0 : 0dB

100 : Indicates that the minimum quality level has not been specified by
the operator. The parameter is then not
present in SIB11 for this neighbour. The UE will use the serving cell
value (UtranCell MO value) instead.

qQualMin (serving cell, WCDMA neighbor within same RNC)

qQualMin (WCDMA neighbor belonging to another RNC)
Idle Mode Parameter Summary
qRxLevMin Used in UE functions for cell selection/reselection in idle mode and
connected mode. Minimum required (acceptable) RX level in the cell.
(dBm). Value launched by System information (SIB11) for each intra-
frequency measurement object corresponding to adjacent cells of
serving cell.

Unit: 1 dBm
Resolution: 2
-115 : -115dBm
-113 : -113dBm
-111 : -111dBm
-109 : -109dBm
.....
-25 : -25 dBm

100 : Indicates that the minimum Rx level has not been specified by the
operator. The parameter is then not
present in SIB11 for this neighbour. The UE will use the serving cell
value (UtranCell MO value) instead.

qRxLevMin (serving cell, WCDMA neighbor belonging to same RNC)

qRxLevMin (WCDMA neighbor belonging to another RNC)
qRxLevMin (GSM neighbor)
qualMeasQuantity Used in UE functions for cell selection/reselection in idle and
connected mode. Cell selection and reselection quality measure.
Value launched by System information (SIB3, SIB11 and SIB12).
sHcsRat RAT specific threshold in the serving cell used in the inter-RAT
measurement rules.

This parameter is used by the UE to decide when to start GSM

measurements for cell reselection, if the serving cell is indicated to
belong to a Hiearachical Cell Structure (HCS)

GSM measurements in idle mode and state CELL_FACH are started

by the UE when RSCP <= qRxLevMin + sHscRat.
If sHcsRat is set to a negative value, this will be interpreted as 0 by the
UE (according to 3GPP TS 25.331).

Unit: 1 dB
Resolution: 2
Idle Mode Parameter Summary
sInterSearch The decision on when measurements on inter frequencies shall be
performed.

If a negative dB value is configured the UE interprets the negative

value as 0 dB.

Unit: 2 dB
Resolution: 1
0 : not sent
1 : -32 dB
2 : -30 dB
...
27 : 20 dB

sIntraSearch The decision on when measurements on intra frequencies shall be

performed.

If a negative dB value is configured, the UE interprets the negative

value as 0 dB.

Unit: 2 dB
Resolution: 1
0 : not sent
1 : -32 dB
2 : -30 dB
...
27 : 20 dB

sRatSearch
The decision on when measurements on GSM frequencies shall be
performed is made using this parameter in relation with Squal.
If S_qual > this parameter, UE need not perform measurements on
GSM cells.
If S_qual <= this paramter, UE shall perform measurment on GSM
cells.

If a negative value is configured the UE interprets the negative value as

0.

Unit: 1dB
Resolution: 2

-32 : -32dB
-30 : -30dB
......
Idle Mode Parameter Summary
treSelection Control of cell selection/reselection. Time-to-trigger for cell reselection
in seconds.

Value launched by System information (SIB3).

uarfcnDl Downlink Utra Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number.

Specifies the channel number for the central DL frequency. The

mapping from channel number to physical frequency is described in
3GPP specification TS 25.104.

Unit: Channel number

Resolution: N/A
uarfcnUl Uplink Utra Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number.

Specifies the channel number for the central UL frequency. The

mapping from channel number to physical frequency is described in
3GPP specification TS 25.104.

Unit: Channel number

Resolution: N/A
Idle Mode Parameter Summary
Location and Routing Area Updating
att
Indicates to the UE whether IMSI attach/detach is allowed. (Some
IMSIs are not allowed in some LAs.) This helps to facilitate the
avoidance of unnecessary paging attempts. The value is sent on the
BCCH.

FALSE: IMSI attach not allowed

TRUE: IMSI attach allowed
lAC The Location Area Code of the external GSM cell.

Note: the values 0000 and FFFE are reserved for special cases where
no valid LAI exists in the MS.

Old name: lAC

rAC Routing Area Code of a routing area. An RA is used by UTRAN to page
mobiles on request from the PS CN.
When the parameter is changed, UTRAN shall update system
information and notity UEs.

Old name: rAC

t3212 Periodic update timer for LA update.

Unit: 0.1 hours (= 1 decihour = 6 minutes = 360 seconds)

Resolution: 1

0 means infinite time, i.e. not

Idle Mode Parameter Summary
Paging
cnDrxCycleLengthCs Core Network DRX cycle length coefficient (k) for UEs in idle mode,
circuit switched.

The cycle length is calculated as the k'th potential of 2, where k = 6..9.

For example, 6 corresponds to cycle length 640 ms, 7 corresponds to
cycle length 1280 ms, etc.
cnDrxCycleLengthPs Core Network DRX cycle length coefficient (k) for UEs in idle mode,
packet switched.

The cycle length is calculated as the k'th potential of 2, where k = 6..9.

For example, 6 corresponds to cycle length 640 ms, 7 corresponds to
cycle length 1280 ms, etc.
noOfMaxDrxCycles Paging notification duration.

To notify UEs in IDLE mode about a system information update, the

RNC sends a paging message on the PCH at every page occasion of a
number of maximum DRX cycles.
noOfPagingRecordTransm Number of preconfigured subsequent transmissions of the same
Paging Record.
System Information
noOfMibValueTagRetrans Number of MIB value tag retransmissions on the FACH.
sib1PlmnScopeValueTag The area identity part of PLMN scope value tages for SIB1
sib1RepPeriod
sib3RepPeriod
sib5RepPeriod
sib7RepPeriod
sib11RepPeriod
sib12RepPeriod
sib1StartPos
sib3StartPos
sib5StartPos
sib7StartPos
sib11StartPos
sib12StartPos
sib7ExpirationTimeFactor SIB7 use expiration time as re-read mechanism. The expiration time is
sib7RepPeriod times sib7ExpirationTimeFactor.
updateCellReattsNo Number of update reattempts when an update of system information
parameters in a cell failed.
 Idle Mode Behaviour

UE States
Idle mode
No connection to radio network (No RRC connection established)
This minimizes resource utilization in UE and the network

CELL_FACH mode
User Equipment (UE) in Connected Mode (has an RRC Connection to
radio network)
UE uses the common transport channels RACH or FACH
If the parameter interFreqFDDMeasIndicator = 1, the UE will evaluate cell
reselection criteria on inter-frequency cells (0)

CELL_DCH mode
User Equipment (UE) in Connected Mode (has an RRC Connection to
radio network)
UE uses dedicated channels for transmitting data and signalling
Power Control
 Pilot Channel Power
primary CPICH power should be 8 to 10% (~ 1 Watt) of
the nominal RBS power at the reference point (~10W,
while MCPA is 20W)
The pilot power is designed to be equal in all cells at the
Reference Point.
primaryCpichPower = 30 dBm
TopOfRack = primaryCpichPower +
P-CPICH
dlAttenuation
System will adjust the TopOfRack to meet the required
value.
Consistency check on
dl/ulAttenuation
MaximumTransmissionPowerDL (Calculated vs.
setting value) dl/ElectDelay
The feeder loss parameters ulAttenuation &
dlAttenuation and electrical delay parameters
ulElectricalDelay & dlElectricalDelay must be entered
properly in the system (actual VSWR).
TopOfRack
More CPICH less capacity trade off

MaxTxPowerDL
 Common Control Channel Power
With increasing CPICH power capacity directly decreasis, but common channels and
power per each dedicated channel is calculated from CPICH
At CPICH 30 dBm, the common channel will be configured as follow:

MaximumTransmissionPowerDL is design to be equal with Nominal RBS Power

 Common Channel on Downlink
Cell Setup and Reconfiguration - Downlink
primaryCpichPower is the power used for transmitting the PCPICH.
bchPower is the power used for transmitting on the BCH, relative to the primaryCpichPower value.
primarySchPower is the power used for transmitting on the Primary SCH, relative to the primaryCpichPower value.
secondarySchPower is the power used for transmitting on the Secondary SCH, relative to the primaryCpichPower value.
Common Transport Channel Setup and Reconfiguration - Downlink
aichPower is the power used for transmitting on AICH, relative to the primaryCpichPower value.
maxFach1Power defines the maximum power used for transmitting the first FACH channel, relative to the
primaryCpichPower value. The first FACH is used for logical channels BCCH, CCCH, and DCCH
control signaling.
maxFach2Power defines the Maximum power used for transmitting the second FACH channel, relative to the
primaryCpichPower value. The second FACH is used for logical channel DTCH traffic signaling.
pOffset1Fach is the offset between downlink DPDCH and DPCCH TFCI field on FACH.
pOffset3Fach is the offset between downlink DPDCH and DPCCH pilot field on FACH.
pchPower is the power used for transmitting on the PCH, relative to the primaryCpichPower value.
pichPower is the power used for transmitting on the PICH, relative to the primaryCpichPower value.
 Common Channel on Uplink
Common Transport Channel Setup and Reconfiguration - Uplink
constantValueCprach is a constant value in dB used by the UE to calculate the initial power on the PRACH according to
the Open Loop Power Control procedure.
powerOffsetP0 is the Power ramp step for the preamble when no acquisition indicator is received.
powerOffsetPpm is the Power offset between the last transmitted preamble and the control part of the random
access message.
preambleRetransMax is the maximum number of preambles sent in one RACH preamble ramping cycle.
maxPreambleCycle is the maximum number of preamble ramping cycle.
 Common Channel on Uplink
P_RACH

The initial power on the PRACH - the power of the first preamble - is determined according to equation

P_PRACH = L_PCPICH + RTWP + constantValueCprach (-27dB)

L_PCPICH : is the path loss estimated by the UE based on knowing the

transmitted and received PCPICH power.
RTWP : is the Received Total Wideband Power (uplink interference) level
measured by the RBS.
constantValueCprach : is used by the UE to calculate the initial power on the PRACH . This
parameter is configurable and decides at which level below RTWP
preamble ramping will start
 Common Channel on Uplink
POWER RAMP ON RACH

To reach an appropriate received power level at the RBS, the UE uses preamble ramping. This
procedure consists of the following steps:
The UE transmits a preamble.
As soon as the RBS properly detects the preamble, it sends an Acknowledgement Indicator
(AI) on the AICH.
While not receiving any AI, the UE transmits a new preamble, increasing the transmission
power with respect to the previous one by the configurable parameter powerOffsetP0.(3dB)
As soon as the UE receives an AI, it sends the PRACH message part. The power of the
control part of the random access message is determined by the power of the last
transmitted preamble and by a configurable offset powerOffsetPpm.(- 4dB) The power of
the data part of the PRACH message is determined by the gain factors for PRACH, which is
included in System Information.
Common Channel on Uplink
POWER RAMP ON RACH

preambleRetransMax (8) parameter determines

how many times PRACH preamble can be sent
within one preamble ramping cycle (SIB5&6)

maxPreambleCycle (4) defines how many times

the PRACH preamble ramping cycle procedure can
be repeated before UE MAC reports a failure on
RACH transmission to higher layers (SIB5&6)
 Common Channel on Uplink
In average coverage conditions the RRC Connection Setup performance can be improved by tuning
the open loop power control parameters
These parameters are
preambleRetransMax and & maxPreambleCycle
powerOffsetPpm
powerOffsetP0

L1 ACK / AICH
DownlinkNot detected
BS
MaxTXPowerUl
powerOffsetP0
Initial powerOffsetPpm
preamble
power
Uplink
MS Preamble
Preamble Preamble Message part
1 2 preambleRetransMax
# PRACH preambles transmitted during one
PRACH cycle without receiving AICH response

maxPreambleCycle
# preamble power ramping cycles that can be
done before RACH transmission failure is
Handover
 Soft/Softer Handover
Inter-Frequency Handover
Inter-RAT Handover
Inter-RAT Cell Change
HSDPA Mobility
 Intra-Frequency Handover
SOFTER HANDOVER
MS simultaneously connected to multiple cells (handled by same BTS)
No extra transmissions across Iub interface
Mobile Evaluated HandOver (MEHO)
Both UL and DL: Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) is occurring in rake receiver
SOFT HANDOVER
MS simultaneously connected to multiple cells (from different BTSs)
Extra transmission across Iub, more channel cards are needed
Mobile Evaluated HandOver (MEHO)
DL/UE: MRC
UL/RNC: Frame selection combining
HARD HANDOVER
Arises when inter-RNC SHO is not possible (Iur not supported or Iur congestion)
Decision procedure is the same as SHO (MEHO)
Causes temporary disconnection

Inter-Frequency Handover
Can be intra-BS, intra-RNC, inter-RNC
Network Evaluated HandOver (NEHO)
Inter-RAT (Inter-system) Handover
Handovers between GSM and WCDMA (NEHO)
Entities Involved in Reporting, Evaluation, and Execution of Handover-Related Functions.

Entities Involved in Reporting, Evaluation, and Execution of Handover-Related Functions.

The concept of event-triggered reporting as specified in 3GPP is used by handover evaluation and
allows the UE to do some part of the evaluation.

Thus, the UE is configured to evaluate and send measurement reports to the system only when certain
events occur, that is, when a monitored cell is measured and the measurement result for a monitored cell
fulfills certain criteria. When the conditions for triggering a certain handover are fulfilled, the handover
evaluation part triggers the corresponding handover execution part.
3GPP-defined UE Associated Cell sets for Measurement

Active Set
The cells involved in soft handover and measured by the UE

Virtual Active Set

The Active Set associated with a non-used frequency for support of Inter-Frequency
evaluation

Monitored Set
The cells only measured by the UE and not part of the Active Set. The monitored set can
consist of intra-frequency, Inter-Frequency and Inter-RAT cells

Detected Set
The intra frequency cells(P-CPICH scrambling codes) detected by the UE but not part of
Active Set or monitored set
 Soft/Softer Handover
Event 1a, A primary CPICH enters the Reporting Range
(measured P-CPICH Ec/No) > (P-CPICH Ec/No of the Best Cell in the Active Set) -
reportingRange1a + hysteresis1a /2

When a P-CPICH, not included in the Active Set, enters reportingRange1a + hysteresis1a/2, and the
measured value remains in reportingRange1a + hysteresis1a/2 at least a time equal to timeToTrigger1a
(Time to Trigger 1a), event 1a occurs. The UE sends a MEASUREMENT REPORT message for event 1a to
the SRNC. If the report contains more than one cell fulfilling 1a criteria, only the one with highest Ec/No is
considered and retained. If the retained cell is a valid cell and Active Set is not full (present cells in the
Active Set is less than maxActiveSet parameter), the cell is proposed to be added to the Active Set. If
the Active Set is full, the cell is proposed as a replacement of the worst cell in the Active Set provided that
the reported cell has a better quality than the worst cell in the Active Set.

Event 1b, A primary CPICH leaves the Reporting Range

(measured P-CPICH Ec/No) < (P-CPICH Ec/No of the best cell in the Active Set) -
reportingRange1b - hysteresis1b /2
When a P-CPICH, included in the Active Set, leaves reportingRange1b - hysteresis1b /2, and the
measured value is outside reportingRange1b - hysteresis1b /2 during a time at least equal to
timeToTrigger1b, event 1b occurs. The UE sends a MEASUREMENT REPORT message for event 1b to
the SRNC. The handover algorithms will remove the reported cells one by one from the Active Set, however
one cell is always kept in the Active Set for maintaining the connection.
 Soft/Softer Handover
6dB
320 ms
Cell (P_CPICH2) Would
be proposed to be
included in Active Set
List
Event 1a and Event 1b
10dB
640 ms
Cell (P_CPICH2) Would
be proposed to be
excluded from Active
Set List
 Soft/Softer Handover
Event 1c, A non-active primary CPICH becomes better than an Active Primary
CPICH
(measured P-CPICH Ec/No) > (P-CPICH Ec/No of the Best Cell in the Active Set) +
hysteresis1a /2

When a P-CPICH, not included in the

Hysteresis1c (2dB)
Active Set, becomes stronger than the
weakest
P-CPICH+hysteresis1c /2 in the Active
Set during a time at least equal to
timeToTrigger1c,and the Active Set is full
(present cells in the Active Set is equal
to maxActiveSet parameter) event 1c
occurs. The UE sends a
MEASUREMENT REPORT message for
event 1c to the SRNC. If the retained cell
is a valid cell, and the Active Set is full,
the cell is proposed as a replacement for
the weakest cell in the Active Set
Cell (P_CPICH4) Would
be replaced P_CPICH3
in active set list 320 ms
Soft/Softer Handover
Parameter Summary

Setting Value Remark

reportingRange1a 6 3 dB
reportingRange1b 10 5 dB
timeToTrigger1a 11 320ms
timeToTrigger1b 12 640ms
timeToTrigger1c 11 320ms
timeToTrigger1d 14 2560ms
hysteresis1a 0 0
hysteresis1b 0 0
hysteresis1c 2 1dB
hysteresis1d 15 7dB
maxActiveSet 3 3
 Inter-RAT Handover
Event 2d, The Estimated Quality of the Currently Used frequency is below a
Certain Threshold

When the estimated quality of the current WCDMA RAN used frequency is below the absolute threshold
usedFreqThresh2dEcno - hysteresis2d/2, during a time at least equal to timeToTrigger2dEcno, OR the
estimated quality of the current WCDMA RAN used frequency is below the absolute threshold
usedFreqThresh2dRscp - hysteresis2d/2, during a time at least equal to timeToTrigger2dRscp, event 2d
occurs.

Event 2f, The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is above a
certain threshold

When the estimated quality of the current WCDMA RAN used frequency is above the relative threshold
usedFreqRelThresh2fEcno+usedFreqThresh2dEcno + hysteresis2f/2, during a time at least equal to
timeToTrigger2fEcno, AND the estimated quality of the current WCDMA RAN used frequency is above the
relative threshold usedFreqRelThresh2fRscp+usedFreqThresh2dRscp + hysteresis2f/2, during a time at
least equal to timeToTrigger2fRscp event 2f occurs. The UE sends a MEASUREMENT REPORT message
for event 2f to the SRNC. When SRNC receives the MEASUREMENT REPORT message for event 2f from
the UE, measurements for IRATHO_eval event 3a or IFHO_eval event 2b and associated compressed mode
usage is stopped.
 Inter-RAT Handover
UE stop compressed
Compressed Mode and de-Compressed Mode
mode

1 + (-12 dB)

-12 dB

640 ms 2560 ms

UE start compressed
mode to measure GSM
or Interfreq Neighbors
 Inter-RAT Handover
Event 3a, The Estimated Quality of the Currently Used UTRAN Frequency is
below a Certain Threshold and the Estimated Quality of the Other System is
above a Certain Threshold

The event 3a occurs according to the following points:

When the estimated quality of the WCDMA RAN used frequency is below the threshold
usedFreqThresh2dEcno+utranRelThresh3aEcno - hysteresis3a/2 and the measured GSM carrier RSSI
of a GSM/GPRS cell is above the absolute threshold gsmThresh3a, during a time at least equal to
TimeToTrigger3a

when the estimated quality of the WCDMA RAN used frequency is below the threshold
usedFreqThresh2dRscp+utranRelThresh3aRscp - hysteresis3a/2 and the measured GSM carrier RSSI
of a GSM/GPRS cell is above the absolute threshold gsmThresh3a, during a time at least equal to
TimeToTrigger3a

in case of the connection quality has been triggered in UL for UE TX power (event 6a, see Event 6a, The
UE Tx Power becomes larger than an Absolute Threshold), the event 3a is triggered when the estimated
quality of the WCDMA RAN used frequency is below the threshold
usedFreqThresh2dRscp+utranRelThresh3aRscp+utranRelThreshRscp - hysteresis3a/2 and the
measured GSM carrier RSSI of a GSM/GPRS cell is above the absolute threshold gsmThresh3a , during a
time at least equal to TimeToTrigger3a.
Inter-RAT Handover

(-12 dB) + (-1dB)

RSSI -95dB

320 ms
IFHO & IRAT Parameter Summary
WCDMA to GPRS (PS)
Gi
GGSN External
Networks
Gn Gn

3G-SGSN 2G-SGSN

Iu Gb

SRNC BSC

Iub Abis

RBS RBS RBS RBS

RBS
RBS
A successful IRATCC from
WCDMA to GPRS
SRNC CN/SGSN Target BSS
CELL_DCH
1. DCCH (AM) Measurement Report (Event 2d)

2. Evaluation of MR

3. Compressed Mode Control

4. DCCH (AM) Measurement Control

5. DCCH (AM) Measurement Report (Event 3a)

6. Evaluation of MR
7. DCCH (AM):CELL_DCH Cell Change Order from UTRAN
8. GSM: RA Update
9. SRNS Context Request

10. Stop DL Transmission

11. SRNS Context Response

12. Iu Release Command

13. Dedicated Radio Link Release
14. Iu Release Complete
 GSM to WCDMA (voice) :
Measurements on WCDMA Cells
Four different scenarios:

WCDMA RAN neighbor cells are measured only when the signal strength of the
GSM serving cell is above the threshold set by QSI and QSC.

WCDMA RAN neighbor cells are measured only when the signal strength of the
GSM serving cell is below the threshold set by QSI and QSC.

WCDMA RAN neighbor cells are always measured.

WCDMA RAN neighbor cells are never measured.

This can be used to turn off the cell reselection/handover to WCDMA, per cell,
even if COEXUMTS (parameter used to activate the functionality of making
handovers and cell reselections between GSM and WCDMA) is on for the BSC.
Load sharing
 Load sharing

Load sharing to 2nd carrier at RRC establishment

Least loaded cell (Highest difference between power and pwradm) is
chosen by sending RRC connection reject with redirection info to 2 nd
carrier.

Directed Retry to GSM at RAB establishment

When Dl power reaches loadSharingGsmThreshold percentage of
pwradm, calls are targeted to be offloaded to GSM. This is achieved
by rejecting RAB establishment requests with directed retry as a
cause.
Load sharing capabilities
available in the WCDMA RAN
 Inter-Frequency Load Sharing
* Not operator configurable
Inter-Frequency Load Sharing
Atcall set-up - RRC Connection Establishment for all
RABs
Triggered by Downlink Transmitted Carrier Power*
(load on source > 50% and load on target less than
source by a 10 % margin)
The feature is activated in an RNC by setting the
parameter loadSharingRrcEnabled to TRUE
The attribute loadSharingCandidate
f2 f2 TRUE/FALSE
specifies whether the target cell is a load-sharing neighbor
of the source cell
f1 f1 f1 f1
Inter-Frequency Load Sharing
(RRC redirection) (Extra Slide)
RNC
RNC
Idle
Mode
RRC Connection Request CCCH/RACH

F1
RRC Connection Reject CCCH/FACH Includes Frequency
Info IE
Cell selection
on designated
UTRA carrier
RRC Connection Request CCCH/RACH 2nd will not be
redirected but may
F2 be successful or
RRC Connection Setup CCCH/FACH rejected due to
congestion
Directed retry to GSM
Applicable for voice in P3

GSM

Admission
Control
WCDMA
Directed retry to GSM
Directed retry to GSM
At call set-up - RAB Establishment for voice
Triggered by Downlink Transmitted Carrier Power

The feature is activated in an RNC by setting the parameter

loadSharingDirRetryEnabled to TRUE

One GSM target can be defined for each WCDMA cell via the cell
parameter directedRetryTarget

loadSharingGsmThreshold specifies the minimum load at which off-

loading to GSM begins: ex 80% of pwrAdm

loadSharingGsmFraction specifies the percentage of Directed Retry

candidates to be diverted to GSM while the cell load is above the
specified load threshold
 Directed Retry to GSM
UE RBS/RNC CN

RAB Assignment Request

Directed Retry
decision to send
RAB Assignment Response (failed, cause=directed retry)
Relocation Required
Contacts GSM
cell and orders
relocation

Relocation Command
HO from UTRAN command

Successful
access to GSM
Iu release Command
Iu release Complete

Voice calls can be relocated to GSM due to high load in WCDMA

If the call is not accepted in GSM - try in WCDMA again!
Load balancing for voice between
Features
Introduction
& Roadmap
WCDMA-GSM
When out of coverage, the When GSM load reaches a
WCDMA voice call is handed customizable threshold, voice calls
over to GSM can be handed over to WCDMA

WCDMA coverage

Dual Mode UE

GSM terminal

GSM coverage
Load based handover to GSM
during call set up, Directed
Retry (P3) to GSM
Channel Switching
 Channel Switching

Channel Switching Parameter Summary

 Channel Switching

1. Common to Dedicated Evaluation

Monitors if the UE shall be switched from a common to a dedicated transport
channel due to large amount of user data buffered in the RNC or the UE.

2. Dedicated to Dedicated Up-Switch Evaluation

Monitors if the throughput becomes close to the max user bandwidth and switch to
the next higher bitrate radio bearer is required.

2a. Dedicated to Dedicated Coverage triggered Down-Switch Evaluation

Monitors if a switch to a lower rate radio bearer is required due to coverage.

3. Dedicated to Common Evaluation

Monitors if a switch from a Cell_DCH to Cell_FACH is required due to a decrease in
transmitted user data.

4. Common to Idle Evaluation

Monitors if a switch from Cell_FACH to Idle mode is required due to a complete
lack of user data transmission.
 Channel Switching

Multi-RAB Down-switch Evaluation

Monitors if a release (or downswitch) of PS I/B RAB shall be initiated due to lack of
PS data throughput (zero), resulting in a single speech 12.2 kbps (or speech + PS
0/0) or CS64 RAB.

Multi-RAB Up-switch Evaluation

Monitors if an upswitch from multi-RAB SP0 to multi-RAB SP64 shall be initiated
due to data buffered in either RNC or UE.
 Channel Switching

Future releases
stand-alone interactive RAB
speech + interactive
RAB

HS speech
384/HS + 384/HS

DCH 64/384
speech
+ 64/HS
128/128
64/HS
speech
+ 64/64
64/128

speech
+ 0/0
64/64

Low/No throughput
Measurement for down
Switch timer period UL throughput-
PS RAB Establishment
FACH based upswitch
activity/inactivity-based coverage-triggered
switching UL and/or DL downswitch (DL only)
IDLE DL throughput- choice based on UE-
Low/No RLC buffer load for
Inactivity timer period based upswitch and cell-capability
Capacity Management
 Admission control workflow
Resource request IsIsadmission
admissionblocked
blocked
* Current byCongestion
by CongestionControl?
Control? Yes, then block

default values No, then

accept No

Checkififthe
therequested
requested++ Checkififthe
Check therequested
requested Yes,
Yes, Check
DL Pwr + estimated Pwr
estimated # compressed
estimated # compressed modemodeRL
RL DL Pwr + estimated Pwr then
then >>
>> block
block pwrAdm
compModeAdm
compModeAdm 15* pwrAdm
75*
No No

Yes, Checkififthe
Check therequested
requested Checkififthe
therequested
requested
Check
codeusage
code usage++estimated
estimatedcode
codeusage
usage ASEUL
UL++estimated
estimatedASE
ASEULUL Yes,
then ASE
>>
>> then
block dLCodeAdm
dLCodeAdm 70* aseUlAdm
aseUlAdm block
No Only checked if
160*
BE-service requests No
Checkififthe
Check therequested
requested Checkififthe
Check therequested
requested
Yes,
DL SF + estimated DL
DL SF + estimated DL SF SF ASE DL + estimated
ASE DL + estimated DL DLASE
ASE Yes,
then
>> No >> then
SF8adm= 8* block sfXAdm * aseDlAdm
sfXAdm * aseDlAdm block
SF16adm= 16*
SF32adm= 32* X = 8 or X = 32 240*
X = 16
Soft Congestion mechanism
New request
New requestfor
forng
ng64/128,
64/128,ng
ng64/64
64/64or
orggaccess
access

AdmissionControl
Admission Controlblocks
blocksthe
thenew
new request
request

Anexisting
An existingng
nguser
userof
of64/384
64/384will
willbe
beswitched
switched down
down to
to 64/128
64/128
oran
or anexisting
existingng
nguser
userof
of 64/128
64/128will
willbe
beswitched
switcheddown
downto to64/64
64/64
 Spreading Factor (SF) limits
used in Admission Control

8* 16*
32*

* Current default values

 ASE release order
Core Network

Iu Iu
SRNC &
DRNC

SRNC
Iur

over Iu: over Iur:

1. Non-guaranteed service
class connections 2. Non-guaranteed service
class connections
3. CS/streaming service
class connections 4. CS /streaming service
class connections
5. Speech users
6. Speech users
HSDPA
HSDPA Parameter Summary
Initial Setting
Parameter Name Default Value
TELKOMSEL

HSPATHLOSSTHRESHOL
170 170
D
CQIERRORSABSENT 10 10
HSPOWERMARGIN 2 2
HSSCCHMAXCODEPOW
-20 -20
ER
QUEUESELECTALGORIT ROUND_ROBI
ROUND_ROBIN
HM N
SUPPORTOF16QAM FALSE TRUE
MAXHSRATE 15 30
HSONLYBESTCELL 1 1
HSHYSTERESIS1D 10 10
HSQUALITYESTIMATE CPICH_RSCP CPICH_RSCP
HSTIMETOTRIGGER1D 640 640
MAXHSRATE

The HSDPA Iub flow control algorithm adjusts the available bit rate over Iub based mainly on the
maximum possible air interface bitrate received from the scheduler, the number of users in a cell and Iub
congestion indications. The RBS uses the parameter maxHsRate to determine the maximum bit rate to
be used for HS-DSCH data frame traffic in one aggregated bit pipe over Iub.

The parameter maxHsRate should be configured for each RBS to represent the maximum MAC-d PDU
bitrate of HS-DSCH data frames, which is available for the AAL2 path or paths carrying HSDPA traffic to
the RBS in question. The parameter may be set to a MAC-d PDU bit rate of 1.5 Mbps (the default value),
when one dedicated physical E1 link is used for HSDPA traffic. This maximum bitrate level is the same as
the bitrate expressed by the CAPACITY ALLOCATION control frames.

As an example, the default value of this parameter has been obtained by multiplying the HSDPA
available ATM bandwidth (excluding IMA overhead), e.g. 1.92 Mbps, with a factor of 0.79. This factor is
dependent on the average number of MAC-d PDUs per HS-DSCH data frame. In this case, it is based on
having 10 MAC-d PDUs (336 bits) per HS-DSCH data frame in average. It should be noted that
assuming a lower number of PDUs per data frame gives a lower factor and vice versa.

The parameter value of maxHsRate also depends on how the transport network is configured, e.g. if ATM
VC Cross Connect is used or if AAL2 switching is used. It depends on how the ATM VCs etc are
configured, e.g. for HS traffic only, sharing with AAL2 class A and B, several AAL2 paths for HS etc.
Therefore it is recommended to follow the guidelines given by Ericsson regarding transport network
dimensioning before setting a value for this parameter.
 16QAM Modulation

The RBS hardware supports both QPSK and 16QAM modulation. However, support of 16QAM is
an optional feature which can be configured on cell level using the parameter supportOf16qam.
The available modulation type impacts the maximum achievable bit rate in the cell,

Maximum Achievable User Bit Rate at the RLC Level As a Function of the UE HS-DSCH Category and Modulation Type