Lesson 15:

Stomach and Intestine

Review:

1. What are the different kinds of

bones in our body?
2. What is a joint?
3. What is a hinge joint?
4. What is a pivot joint?
5. What is a ball-and socket joint?
6. What are the different diseases
that affects our bones?
Engagement:
1. What are the people in the picture
doing?

2. Why do we need food ?

3. What will happen if we will not eat
for a day?
4. What do we usually eat during
breakfast? Lunch? Dinner?
5. What do you think will happen to the
food you have the eaten as its gets
inside your mouth?
6. Are the food you have eaten directly
get inside the different parts of your
body?
7. What happens if we do not have
enough nutrients because we do not
eat?
1.Divide
Exploration: the class into
groups.
2.Do Lesson 15: LM
Activity 1- How is
food digested in the
stomach?
3. Guide the pupils as
they perform the
activity.
flour and other food after shaking
Explanatio
the
n:
re-sealable bag?
2. Have you eaten your meal today?
3. Where do you think these food
go after you have swallowed it?
4. The stomach is similar to the bag
in your activity. How are they
similar?
5. Will the food stay in the
stomach?
6. What will happen to the food?
7. What happens after the food is
broken down into smaller pieces?
intestines.
Exploratio Describe the materials
n:
that went through the paper
towel.
3. What will happen to the liquid
materials?
4. Why are there residues left in
the paper towel?
5. What will happen to those that
did not go through the paper
towel?
6. Which organ is similar to the
paper towel?
 Elaboratio
n:
Digestion in the Stomach and in the Small Intestine
The food we eat gives us energy to work and
play. Without food, the other parts of the body
like bones and muscles and the internal organs
do not have energy to function. However,
before our body can make use of any food that
is eaten, it must be broken down into liquid
form into smaller nutrients. The process by
which food is broken down into nutrients is
called digestion.
 Digestion takes place as soon as we start to
chew our food. The tongue, lips, and cheeks
move the food between the teeth to break it
down into small pieces. Saliva from the salivary
glands mixes with the food to soften it. Saliva
also kills bacteria and breaks down starches
into sugars. So digestion of starches starts in
the mouth. Moist chewed food from the mouth
goes down to stomach.
 In the stomach, food is broken down into smaller
particles. The stomach is a large organ that is lined
with layers of muscles. As the muscles contract and
relax, food in the stomach is squeezed, twisted and
churned. While the food is being physically changed
in the stomach, digestive enzymes and juices are also
combined to change it into nutrients. The process of
digestion is both mechanical and chemical. The
mechanical part breaks down food into small bits by
chewing of food in the mouth and squeezing of food
particles in the stomach. The chemical part of
digestion is the mixing of food particles with
chemicals in the saliva and stomach which changes it
into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body.
Small Intestine Is about 2.5 cm wide and
7m long coiled tube where food is finally
digested and absorbed. The walls of the
small intestine are made of muscles that
squeeze food and continuously move it. It
contains digestive juices and other enzymes
that help break the food into nutrients. Thus,
final digestion takes place in the small
intestine. The nutrients are then absorbed
by the small intestines then go into your
blood stream. The blood carries these
nutrients to the different parts of the body.
Exploration:

1.Divide the class into

groups.
2.Do Lesson 15: LM
Activity 1- How is
food digested in the
stomach?
3. Guide the pupils as
Elaboration:

1.List down names of foods that

you usually eat in school.
2.What parts of the body change
the food we eat before it will
be absorbed by our body cells?
3.What should be done to the
food you eat before it can used
by the body for growth?
4.How would you help your
stomach and small intestine
work properly?
 Engagement:

Why do you think is the girl

pressing her stomach?
What do you think are the possible
causes why she has stomach ache?
2.Do Lesson 15: Activity 3-
Exploration:
What are the common
problems related to
digestion?
3.Do Lesson 15: Activity 4
What are the treatments
for the common problems
related to digestion?
4.Let each group answer all
the questions in their
assigned activity.
5.Guide the pupils as they
perform the activity.
 Ailments Names Number
Hyperacidity

Diarrhea

Constipation

Appendicitis

Stomach ache

Total number of classmates who have

suffered from problems related to
digestion.
Explanation:

1. In your class what is the most common

digestive problem?

2. What are the common problems related to eating

dirty food?

3. What are the common problems related to

drinking dirty water?

4. What are the common ailments caused by

tension and fear?
1. What are the common diseases related to
stomach and intestine?

2. What causes hyperacidity?

3. How can you prevent constipation?

4. Why should people suffering from diarrhea be
given medication right away?

5. What should be done to avoid ailments

related to digestion?

6. What food are you going to eat to keep your

body healthy?
Elaboration:

Common Ailments Related to Digestion

Ulcer/Hyperacidity caused by not eating on

time, too much intake of acidic drinks and
food
Diarrhea frequent moving of the bowel with
watery stool
Constipation difficult elimination of dry and
hard stool or feces
Appendicitis inflammation of the appendix
caused by irritation from undigested food that
may block it
Indigestion caused by too much or rapid
eating or drinking
Gastroenteritis caused by bacterial infection
from taking contaminated food and water
 Common Ailments Related to Digestion
Ailments Symptoms Causes Treatment
Ulcer/Hyperacid -Gastric -Not eating on -Eat regularly and
ity pain time on time
-heartburn -too much -avoid eating acidic
intake of food
acidic drinks - avoid drinking
and food liquor and acidic
drinks
- eat a balanced
diet
Diarrhea -Stomach -Infection in -Drink plenty of
ache the intestines water and juices to
- watery by prevent from loss
feces microorganis of water in the
- Severe m body
cases lead - irregular -Eat soft food
to loss of contraction of during the onset of
water In the intestines the ailment
the body -Proper hygiene
(dehydrati prevents the
on) disease
- Proper handling
 Common Ailments Related to Digestion
Ailments Symptom Causes Treatment
s
Constipation -difficulty -Lack of -Drink plenty of
in bowel water and water and juice
movemen fiber in food - Eat plenty of
t taken fruits and
(defecati -Improper vegetables
ng) bowel
- movements
heavines - Poor
s in the hygiene
stomach
Appendicitis -Start -Inflammatio -Get immediate
with mild n of the medical attention
fever appendix
accompa
nied by
vomiting
or