FREQUENCY

DISTRIBUTION
GROUP II ABM11-D
WHAT IS FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION?
an orderly arrangement of data classified according to the
magnitude of the observations.
It is a method of presenting the data in a summarized form.
can be presented as a frequency table, a histogram or a
bar chart
can show either the actual number of observations falling in
each range or the percentage of observations.
are visual displays that organise and present frequency
counts so that the information can be interpreted more
easily.
USES OF FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION
1. Frequency distribution helps us to analyze
the data.
2. Frequency distribution helps us to estimate
the frequencies of the population on the basis
of the ample.
3. Frequency distribution helps us to facilitate
the computation of various statistical
measures
TERMINOLOGIES
FREQUENCY
How often something occurs.
Repeating of number.
Represented by f.

FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE

Table that shows frequency of variables.

CLASSES
A large number of observations varying in a wide range are usually
classified in several groups according to the size of their values.
CLASS LIMIT: Class limit is the midmost value of the
class interval. It is also known as the mid value..
Mid value of each class = (lower limit + Upper limit)
2
MAGNITUDE OF A CLASS INTERVAL: The
difference between the upper and lower limit of a
class is called the magnitude of a class interval.

CLASS FREQUENCY: The number of observation

falling within a class interval is called class frequency
of that class interval.
FORMATION OF A FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION
1. Determine the greatest and the
smallest number:
o First of all determine the greatest and the smallest
number in the raw data and find the range, which is
the difference between the greatest and the smallest
numbers. In the example of weights of 120 students,
the greatest number is 218 and the smallest number
is 110. Therefore, the range is 218 110 =108.
2. DECIDE ON THE NUMBER OF
CLASS:
For the purpose of determining the classes for the
frequency distribution there is no hard and fast rules for
the purpose. Mostly, 5 to 20 classes are being made. The
number of classes should Be appropriate, so that could be
distributed and represented properly. If we have less than
5 Classes, it will result in too much information being lost.
On the other hand, if we have more than 20 classes,
computation will become unnecessarily lengthy. In Table 1
we have made 11 Classes.
 2A. Determine the approximate class
interval size:
The approximate class interval size is
determined by dividing the range of the
desirable number of classes. For example, in
the raw data of weights of120 students, the
class interval size is 108/11 = 9.8 or 10. A
number used as class interval size should be
easy to work with.
3. DECIDE WHAT SHOULD BE THE
LOWER CLASS LIMIT:
The lower class limit should cover the smallest value in the
raw data.
Find the upper class boundary by adding the class interval
size to the lower class boundary:
The upper class boundary of a particular class is determined
by adding the class interval size to The lower class boundary
of such class. The remaining lower and upper class
boundaries are Determined by adding the class interval
repeatedly until the largest measurement of the raw Data is
enclosed in the final class.
Distribute the values of the raw data into classes:
The class frequencies are obtained by distributing the raw
data measurements into the classes made. The number of
 FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION TABLES
a frequency table is a simple way to display the number of
occurrences of a particular value or characteristic.
For example, if we have collected data about height from a
sample of 50 children, we could present our findings as:

Height (cm) of children Absolute frequency Relative Frequency

120 less than 130 9 18%
130 less than 140 10 20%
140 less than 150 13 26%
150 less than 160 11 22%
160 less than 170 7 14%
TOTAL 50 100%

From this frequency table we can quickly identify information

such as 7 children (14% of all children) are in the 160 to less
than 170 cm height range, and that there are more children
with heights in the 140 to less than 150 cm range (26% of all
children) than any other height range.
 TYPES OF
FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION
1. RELATIVE
FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION
A relative frequency distribution is a distribution
in which relative frequencies are recorded
against each class interval.
obtained by dividing frequency by the total
frequency.
proportion of the total frequency that is in any
given class interval in the frequency distribution.
 RELATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
TABLE
If the frequency of the frequency distribution
table is changed into relative frequency then
frequency distribution table is called as
relative frequency distribution table. For a
data set consisting of n values. If f is the
frequency of a particular value then the ratio
' /' is called its relative frequency.

(Give example)
 2. CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION
In cumulative frequency distribution, the frequencies
are shown in the cumulative manner.
The cumulative frequency for each class interval is the
frequency for that class interval added to the preceding
cumulative total.
Cumulative frequency can also defined as the sum of all
previous frequencies up to the current point.

Give example
 3. CUMULATIVE RELATIVE
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

The relative cumulative frequency is the

cumulative frequency divided by the
total frequency.

Give example
4. SIMPLE FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION
Simple frequency distribution is used to organized
orderly the larger data sets. When the number of
cases being studied is large, it is inconvenient to list
them separately because the list would be too long.
A simple frequency distribution shows the number of
times each score occurs in a set of data. To find the
frequency for score count how many times the
score occurs.
5. GROUPED FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION
A grouped frequency distribution is an
ordered listed of a variable X, into groups in
one column with a listing in a second column,
the frequency column.
A grouped frequency distribution is an
arrangement class intervals and
corresponding frequencies in a table.
6. UNGROUPED FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION
A frequency distribution with an interval width of 1 is
referred to an ungrouped frequency distribution.
Ungrouped frequency distribution is an arrangement of
the observed values in ascending order.
The ungrouped frequency distribution are those data,
which are not arranged in groups.
They are known as individual series. When the
ungrouped data are grouped, we get the grouped
frequency distribution.
 For Example: A teacher gave a test to a class of 26
students. The maximum mark is 5. The marks
obtained by the pupils are:
Such data is called ungrouped
(or raw) data.
We may arrange the marks in
ascending or descending order.
The data so represented is
called an array.
The difference between the
greatest and the smallest number
is called range of the data. Thus for
the above data, the range is 5 - 1
which equals 4 marks.
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
A histogram is sometimes known as frequency
distribution chart. It is a set of vertical bars
whose areas are proportional to the
frequencies. While constructing histogram,
the variable is always taken on the horizontal
axis and frequencies on the vertical axis. The
width of the bars in the frequency distribution
chart will be proportional to the class interval.
The bars are drawn without leaving spaces
between them. A frequency distribution chart
or histogram in general represents a
EXAMPLE OF A HISTOGRAM
MEAN OF FREQUENCY
DISTRIBUTION
Mean of frequency distribution can be find by
multiplying each midpoint by its frequency, and then
divide by the total number of values in the frequency
distribution, we have an estimate of the mean.