Respiratory System

Body in Action
 FUNCTION
Respiratory system is the
system that helps you breath
in and out, so oxygen (02)
can be pumped through your
body and carbon dioxide (CO2)
can be removed from the blood
stream.
AN OVERVIEW
 How to rememberthe Respiratory System

Remember

A mouth

A box with
musical notes

An upside
down tree

Bunches of
grapes
 THE SET UP- Fill i
your blank
Nasal
Cavit Throat
y
Nose (pharynx
Mouth )
Windpip
e
Bronchus Left
(Trache
Bronchio lungs
a) Ribs
le
Alveolu
s

Diaphragm
 How we breathe
PROTECTION:
ribs, sternum and thoracic vertebrae form a
protective framework around the lungs.

DIAPHRAM
the musculo-fibrous diaphragm is located
underneath the lungs and plays a major role
in breathing.

ASSISTANCE :
the ribs and their intercostal muscles also
assist in the mechanics of breathing.
DIAPHRAM
the musculo-fibrous diaphragm is located
underneath the lungs and plays a major role
in breathing.
 Mechanics of
breathing
INHALATION breathing in
diaphragm contracts downwards and the
external intercostal muscles pull the ribs
upwards and outwards
volume of thoracic cavity increases.
air pressure in lungs decreases.
air moves from high pressure (external) to
low pressure (lungs).
EXHALATION (Breathing out)

diaphragm relaxes, moving upwards and the

internal intercostal muscles pull the ribs
downwards and inwards.
volume of thoracic cavity decreases.
air pressure in lungs increases.
air moves from high pressure (lungs) to low
pressure (external).
Inspiration/expir
ation
Another way to look
at it
DRAW IT YOURSELF
 Use the next few
slides to fill in
the descriptions
for each
structure of the
respiratory
system
Upper Respiratory
Tract

nasal cavities warm, filter and moisten air.

pharynx common passage for air and food.
larynx contains the vocal cords.
Lower Respiratory
Tract
trachea cartilagenous windpipe to the lungs.
bronchi two major branches from the
trachea.
bronchioles smaller branches of the bronchi.
right lung upper, middle and lower lobes.
left lung only upper and lower lobes due to
the heart.
pleura double walled sac enclosing the
lungs.
alveoli tiny grape-like sacs where gas
exchange occurs.
The Lung
The main tubes of the lung
The tubes of the lung
The lung including air sacs
The Lung
The main tubes of the lung
The tubes of the lung
The lung including air sacs
 Gases exchange
Gases and liquids will always flow
from an area of high concentration to
an area of low concentration.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
AJpur6XUiq4
 Gas exchange in
the Alveoli
Oxygen:
Inhaled oxygen passes into the lungs and
diffuses through the alveoli and capillary
walls to bind to the red blood cells
Carbon dioxide:
Carbon dioxide passes from these body cells
into the bloodstream where it is transported
back to the lungs and is finally exhaled.
Gas Exchange
 Factors affecting
Respiration
Asthma: decreases the vital capacity as the
bronchioles of the lungs constrict.
Smoking: increases airway resistance and may
lead to chronic lung disorders.
Altitude: reduces aerobic performance due to
less available oxygen.
Old age: lung function decreases with age.
Exercise: maintains, but does not significantly
increase, healthy lung capacities.
 Key facts
* At rest, the body takes in and breathes out about
10 liters of air each minute.
* The right lung is slightly larger than the left.
* The highest recorded "sneeze speed" is 165 km
per hour.
* The surface area of the lungs is roughly the
same size as a tennis court.
* The capillaries in the lungs would extend 1,600
kilometers if placed end to end.
* We lose half a liter of water a day through
breathing. This is the water vapor we see when
we breathe onto glass.
* A person at rest usually breathes between 12 and
15 times a minute.
* The breathing rate is faster in children and
women than in men.