CAMBRIDGE SECONDARY

TWO SCIENCE

CHAPTER 2:
FOOD AND DIGESTION
2.1 NUTRIENTS

There are 7 types of nutrients from food.

Nutrient Function Examples of food
Protein Making new cells Fish, chicken,
Making enzymes egg, milk and
Making hormones nuts
Making antibodies
Provide energy
Carbohydrat Provide energy Rice, potato,
e (sugar sweet potato
and starch) pasta and bread
Fat Provide energy Cooking oil,
Insulation for the body cheese, butter
Making cell membranes and lard
Dissolve fat-soluble
vitamin
Protect internal organs
2.1 NUTRIENTS

Nutrient Function Examples of food

Vitamins Prevent deficiency Fruits and
and diseases vegetables
minerals
Fibre Prevent constipation Fruits and
(roughage) vegetables
Water Medium for chemical Fruits and
reactions in vegetables
the cells
Medium of transportation
for
nutrients and waste
products
DifferentMedium
types of oftransportation
foods contain different
for
combinations of nutrients
respiratory gases in different
amount. temperature
Regulates body
2.1 NUTRIENTS

Benedicts test for Iodine test for

2.2 A BALANCED DIET

A balanced diet contains all types

of nutrients
and the right amount of energy.
A diet that is missing a particular
nutrient can
cause a deficiency disease.
2.2 A BALANCED DIET

Deficiency Nutrient lacking Symptoms

A balanced diet contains all types of
disease
Kwashiorkor Protein Pot belly
nutrients Loss of muscle tissue
Low body weight
and theLack
Scurvy
right amount of
of vitamin C
energy.
Bleeding gums
A diet that
Rickets is
Lack of missing
calcium
vitamin D
or a particular
Weak bones and teeth

nutrientLack
Goitre can of iodine Swelling of the thyroid
gland
cause aLack
Night deficiency
of vitamin A disease.
Poor eye sight at night
blindness
Iron Lack of iron Anaemia (the blood
cannot
carry enough oxygen
causing
fatigue)
2.2 A BALANCED DIET

A good diet has plenty of foods

containing
protein, vitamins and minerals
but less fat and sugar.

Food pyramid shows how much of

each type of food that your diet
2.3 DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION

Before nutrient molecules can be

absorbed by the
small intestine, digestion has to happen.
Digestion is
the breakdown of large nutrient
molecules into
small molecules so that they can be
absorbed.

What happens inside the

2.3 DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION
Organ Functions
Mouth Teeth chew food into smaller
pieces
Salivary amylase starts to
break down
starch to sugar
Oesophag Allows food to pass from the
us stomach
to the small intestine
Stomach Hydrochloric acid kills
microorganisms
in the food
Stomach juices break down
protein to
amino acids
Small Pancreatic juice digest
intestine protein, starch
and fat to small molecules
which
are then absorbed by the
wall of the
small intestine. Water,
vitamins and
The human digestive minerals are readily
absorbed
2.5 TEETH
Human
Incisors
Canines
Premolars
Molars
Bite
Tear
Crush
teeth
off
tougher
and
small
grind
food
pieces
food
like
ofmeat
food
2.5 TEETH

Types of human
2.5 TEETH
Part of a Description
tooth
Root The part of the tooth
which is embedded in
the gum
Crown The part of the tooth
which is visible
Enamel A very hard covering
containing calcium
Dentine Contains living cells
Pulp cavity Contains nerve and
blood vessels
Cementum Has fibres growing out
that attach the tooth to
the jawbone

The structure of a
2.5 TEETH
2.6 ENZYMES

When one substance is changed into a

different substance, a chemical
reaction has
taken place.
A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a
chemical reaction but itself is not
changed.
The large nutrient molecules are broken
down into small molecules by enzymes.
Therefore, enzymes are biological
catalysts.
2.6 ENZYMES

How an enzyme