UNITED NATIONS

ORGANIZATION
(UNO)
 ROLE OF
FLAG OF UNITED EMBLEM OF UNITED
NATIONS NATIONS

UNO
 ESTABLISHMENT OF LEAGUE OF NATIONS

The 20th Century witnessed two world wars, which were highly
destructive of life as well as material. These two wars shook the
conscience of the people of the world and highlighted the need
for peace and cooperation among the nations. The first attempt
towards achieving this aim of world peace was in the form of the
League of Nations after the first world war. This was, of course,
a failure, as it could not avert the Second World War.

The Leagues Members of League The League of Nations

Headquarters from 1929 during 1920-1945 assembly buildings in
until its dissolution Geneva
 ESTABLISHMENT OF UNITED NATIONS

The search for peace culminated in the formation of the UNITED

NATIONS after World War II. From April 25 to June 26,1945,
delegates from 50 nations met at San Francisco to draft a charter
for the United Nations. Later, many other countries joined
United Nations. The United Nations officially came into
existence on October 24, 1945, when its charter had been ratified
by China, France, the USSR, the UK and US, and by a majority of
other signatories. This day every year is celebrated as the UN
day the world over.
THE
THE PURPOSES
PURPOSES OF
OF UNITED
UNITED NATIONS
NATIONS

The
The purposes
purposes of
of the
the United
United Nations
Nations are:-
are:-
1.
1. To
To maintain
maintain International
International peace
peace and
and security.
security.
2.
2. To
To develop
develop friendly
friendly relations
relations among
among Nations.
Nations.
3.
3. To
To cooperate
cooperate inin solving
solving International
International economic,
economic, social,
social,
cultural
cultural
and
and humanitarian
humanitarian problems
problems and
and in
in promoting
promoting respect
respect
for
for
human
human rights
rights and
and fundamental
fundamental freedoms.
freedoms.
4.
4. To
To protect
protect Earth
Earth and
and Environment.
Environment.
PRINCIPLES
PRINCIPLESOF
OFTHE
THEUNITED
UNITEDNATIONS
NATIONS

The main principles of the United Nations:-

The main principles of the United Nations:-
1. It is based on the sovereign equality of all its members.
1. It is based on the sovereign equality of all its members.
2. All members are to fulfill in faith their charter obligations.
2. All members are to fulfill in faith their charter obligations.
3. They are to settle their international disputes by peace.
3. They are to settle their international disputes by peace.
4. They are to refrain from the threat or use of force against
4. They are to refrain from the threat or use of force against
other
other
state.
state.
5. They are to give the United Nations every assistance in
5. They are to give the United Nations every assistance in
every
every
action it takes in accordance with the charter.
action it takes in accordance with the charter.
6. Nothing in the charter is to authorize the United Nations to
6. Nothing in the charter is to authorize the United Nations to
intervene in matters which are essentially within the
intervene in matters which are essentially within the
domestic
domestic
jurisdiction of any state.
 GENERAL
GENERAL INFORMATION
INFORMATION ABOUT
ABOUT UNITED
UNITED
NATIONS
NATIONS
UN
UN HEADQUARTERS:-
HEADQUARTERS:-
The
The permanent
permanent headquarters
headquarters of
of the
the UN
UN since
since 1952,
1952, are
are New
New York.
York.
The
The first
first
meeting
meeting of of the
the General
General Assembly
Assembly waswas held
held here
here in
in October
October 1952.
1952.

UN
UN FLAG:-
FLAG:-
The
The white
white UNUN emblem
emblem is is superimposed
superimposed on on light
light blue
blue background.
background.
The
The
emblem
emblem consist
consist ofof the
the global
global map
map projected
projected from
from the
the North
North Pole
Pole and
and
embraced
embraced in in twin
twin olive
olive branches
branches (symbol
(symbol ofofpeace).
peace). The
The UN
UN flag
flag is
is
not
not to
to be
be
subordinated
subordinated to to any
any other
other flag
flag of
of the
the world.
world.

FLAG OF UNITED UNITED NATIONS

UN
UN OFFICIAL
OFFICIAL LANGUAGES:-
LANGUAGES:-
There
Thereare
aresix
sixofficial
officialworking
workinglanguages
languagesrecognised
recognisedby
bythe
theUnited
UnitedNations.
Nations.
They
Theyare
areChinese,
Chinese,English,
English,French,
French,Russian,
Russian,Spanish
Spanishand
andArabic.
Arabic.

UN
UN FINANCES:-
FINANCES:-
Contributions
Contributionsofofmember
memberstates
statesconstitute
constitutethe
themain
mainsource
sourceofoffunds
fundsfor
for
the
the
regular
regularbudget.
budget.AAstates
statesshare
shareisisprimarily
primarilydetermined
determinedby
byits
itstotal
totalnational
national
income
incomeininrelation
relationto
tothat
thatof
ofthe
themember
memberstates.
states.

MEMBERSHIP:-
MEMBERSHIP:-
Membership
Membershipof ofthe
theUnited
UnitedNations
Nationsisisopen
opento
toall
allpeace
peaceloving
lovingnations
nations
which
which
accept
acceptthe
theobligations
obligationsofofits
itscharter
charterand
andin
inthe
thejudgement
judgementof ofthe
the
organization,
organization,
are
areable
ableand
andwilling
willingto
tocarry
carryout
outthese
theseobligations.
obligations.Members
Membersmay maybe be
suspended
suspendedor orexpelled
expelledbybythetheGeneral
GeneralAssembly
Assemblyon onthe
therecommendation
recommendation
of
of
the
theSecurity
SecurityCouncil.
Council.
MAIN ORGANS OF THE UNITED NATIONS
MAIN ORGANS OF THE UNITED NATIONS

ORGANS
ORGANS OF
OF UNITED
UNITED NATIONS:-
NATIONS:-

The
The UN
UN has
has six
six main
main organs:
organs:
1.
1. The
The General
General Assembly
Assembly
2.
2. The
The Security
Security Council
Council
3.
3. The
The Secretariat
Secretariat
4.
4. The
The Trusteeship
Trusteeship Council
Council
5.
5. The
The Economic
Economic and
and Social
Social Council
Council
6.
6. International
International Court
Court of
of Justice
Justice
 THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY
The General Assembly (Headquarters- New York):-
The General Assembly (Headquarters- New York):-
The General Assembly is the main deliberative organ. The General
The General Assembly is the main deliberative organ. The General
Assembly is like a World Parliament. It ordinarily meets once a year
Assembly is like a World Parliament. It ordinarily meets once a year
unless
unless
there is some emergency for a special session. Decisions are taken
there is some emergency for a special session. Decisions are taken
by a two-
by a two-
third majority. Composed of all United Nations member states, the
third majority. Composed of all United Nations member states, the
Assembly
Assembly
meets in regular yearly sessions under a President elected from
meets in regular yearly sessions under a President elected from
among the
among the
member states. The first session was convened on 10 January, 1946
member states. The first session was convened on 10 January, 1946
in the
in the
Westminster CentralGENERAL
UNITED NATIONS Hall in London and included representatives
Westminster Central Hall in London and included representatives
fromASSEMBLY
51 HALL
from 51
Nations.
Nations.
 SECURITY
SECURITY COUNCIL
COUNCIL
Security
Security Council
Council (Headquarters-
(Headquarters- New
New York):-
York):-
The
The Security
Security Council
Councilis is charged
chargedwithwith maintaining
maintainingpeace
peace and
and security
security
among
among
countries.
countries. The
The Security
Security Council
Council has
has the
the power
power to
to make
make binding
binding
decisions
decisions that
that
member
member Governments
Governments have have agreed
agreed to to carry
carry out,
out, under
under the
the terms
terms of
of
Charter.
Charter.
The
The decisions
decisions of
of the
the Council
Councilare are known
known as as United
United Nations
Nations
Security
Security Council
Council
Resolutions.
Resolutions. TheThe Security
Security Council
Council comprises
comprises five
five permanent
permanent
members-
members-
United
United States,
States, Britain,
Britain, France,
France, Russia
Russia and
and China-
China- and
and ten
ten non-
non-
permanent
permanent
members,
members, whowho are
are elected
elected forfor two
two years by
by General
yearsUNITED Assembly.
NATIONS
General The
SECURITY
Assembly. The
permanent COUNCIL CHAMBER of
permanent members
members havehave the
the power
power totoveto
veto any
any of
of the
the decisions
decisions of
SC.
SC.
 SECRETARIAT
SECRETARIAT
Secretariat
Secretariat (Headquarters-
(Headquarters- New
New York):-
York):-
The
TheUnited
UnitedNations
NationsSecretariat
Secretariatisisheaded
headedby bythetheSecretary-
Secretary-General,
General,assisted
assisted
bybyaastaff
staffof
ofInternational
InternationalCivil
Civilservants
servantsworldwide.
worldwide.ItItprovides
providesstudies,
studies,
information,
information,and andfacilities
facilitiesneeded
neededby byUnited
UnitedNations
Nationsbodies
bodiesforfortheir
theirmeeting.
meeting.
ItItalso
alsocarries
carriesout
outtasks
tasksas asdirected
directedbybythe
theUNUNSecurity
SecurityCouncil,
Council,The
TheUNUN
General
GeneralAssembly,
Assembly,The TheUN UNEconomic
Economicand andSocial
SocialCouncil
Councilandandother
otherUNUN
bodies.
bodies.TheTheUnited
UnitedNations
NationsCharter
Charterprovides
providesthatthatthe
thestaff
staffbe
bechosen
chosenby by
application
applicationof ofthe
thehighest
higheststandards
standardsof ofefficiency,
efficiency,competence,
competence,and andintegrity,
integrity,
with
withdue
dueregard
regardfor
forthe
theimportance
importanceof ofrecruiting
recruitingononaawide
widegeographical
geographicalbasis.
basis.
The
TheCharter
Charterprovides
providesthat
thatthe
thestaff
staffshall
shallnot
notseek
seekororreceive
receiveinstructions
instructionsfrom
from
any
anyauthority
authorityother
otherthan
thanthetheUN.
UN.Each
EachUN UNmember
membercountry
countryisisenjoined
enjoinedto to
respect
respectthetheinternational
internationalcharacter
characterof ofthe
theSecretariat
Secretariatandandnot
notseek
seektotoinfluence
influence
its
itsstaff.
staff.
The
The Secretary-
Secretary- General
Generalalone
aloneis is responsible
responsible for
for staff-
staff- selection.
selection.
The
The Secretary
Secretary Generals
Generals duties
duties include
include helping
helping resolve
resolve international
international
disputes,
disputes,
administering
administering peacekeeping
peacekeeping operations,
operations, organizing
organizing international
international
conferences,
conferences,
gathering
gathering information
information on on the
the implementation
implementation on on the
the Security
Security Council
Council
decisions,
decisions, and
and consulting
consulting with
with member
member Governments
Governments regarding
regarding
various
various
initiatives.
initiatives. The
The Secretary-
Secretary- General
General may may bring
bring to
to the
the attention
attention ofof the
the
Security
Security
Council
Council any
any matter
matter that,
that, in
in his
his or
or her
her opinion,
opinion, may
may threaten
threaten
international
international
peace
peace and
and security.
security.
THE UNITED NATIONS SECRETARIAT
BUILDING AT THE UNITED NATIONS
HEADQUARTERS IN NEW YORK CITY
 TRUSTEESHIP
TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL
COUNCIL

Trusteeship Council (Headquarters- New York):-

Trusteeship Council aims helping countries under foreign rule to
attain
independence. There were eleven such countries that had come
under this
system after the second world war. By 1994, all Trust Territories had
attained independence. The last to do was the Palau, which became
the 185th
Member state of the UN.
 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL

The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) assists

the General Assembly in promoting international
economic and social cooperation and development.
ECOSOC has 54 members, all of which are elected
by the General Assembly for a three-year term. The
president is elected for a one-year term and chosen
among the small or middle powers represented on
ECOSOC. ECOSOC meets once a year in July for a
four-week session. Since 1998, it has held another
meeting each April with finance ministers heading THE ECOSOC
CHAMBER
key committees of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. Viewed
separate from the specialized bodies it coordinates, ECOSOCs functions include
information gathering, advising member nations, and making
recommendations.
In addition, ECOSOC is well-positioned to provide policy coherence and
coordinate the overlapping functions of the UNs subsidiary and it is in these
roles that it is most active.
 INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
International Court of Justice (Headquarters-
Netherlands):-
The International Court of Justice consists of 15 judges elected by
the Security
Council and the General Assembly for a term of nine years. Each one
of them
has to be from a different country.

The court gives advisory opinion on legal matters to the organs and
special
agencies
PEACE of the UNSEAT
PALACE, whenOF
solicited.
THE It also considers legal disputes
brought
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
AT THE
before HAGUE,
it by NETHERLANDS
nations.
 SPECIALISED AGENCIES OF UN
1. INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION
2. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANISATION
3. UNITED NATIONS, EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL
ORGANISATION
4. WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION
5. WORLD BANK
6. INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
7. INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANISATION
8. UNIVERSAL POSTAL UNION
9. INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION
10. INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANISATION
11. WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANISATION
12. WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANISATION
13. INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
14. UN INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANISATION
15. INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY
16. WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION
SPECIAL BODIES OF UNITED
NATIONS
1. UNITED NATIONS CHLDREN FUND (UNICEF)
2. UN CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT (UNCTAD)
3. UN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (UNDP)
4. UN INSTITUTE FOR TRAINING AND RESEARCH (UNITAR)
5. UN ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME (UNEP)
6. UN UNIVERSITY (UNU)
7. WORLD FOOD COUNCIL (WFC)
8. UNITED NATIONS VOLUNTEERS (UNV)
9. UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND (UNFPA)
10. UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME (UNODC)
11. UN HUMAN SETTLEMENT PROGRAMME (UN- HABITAT)
12. UNITED NATIONS INSTITUTE FOR DISARMAMENT
RESEARCH
13. UNITED NATIONS RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT (UNRISD)
14. UNITED NATIONS INTER- REGIONAL CRIME AND JUSTICE
RESEARCH INSTITUTE (UNICRI)
 HUMANITARIAN ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED
NATIONS
1. Treaty on cyber Crime:- On November 23, 2001 representatives of 30
countries met in Budapost and signed the first
ever international treaty on criminal offences
committed in the internet.

2. UN Resolution 1973- Effort to nab terrorism:- Following the Global

demand to act against
terrorists and states that
support or harbor them,
the
UN unanimously passed
the resolution.

3. Millennium Summit:- At the summit, held at UN Headquarters from 6 to

8 September, 2000, World leaders established clear
direction for the organization in the new century.
The millennium declaration targets for poverty,
disease and environment issues.
4. Protecting Children in war:- The General Assembly in 2000 adopted a
draft to the convention on the right
of the
child, under which state parties
agree to
raise the age limit for both
compulsory
recruitment and participation in
combat
from 15 to 18.

5. UN Secretary General Ban-Ki Moon urges greater efforts to feed

worlds
hungry amid ongoing recession.

6. UN refugee agency calls on Kenya to stop forced return of Somali

asylum
seekers.

7. UN rural Development arm to help poor farmers in Tajikistan.

 60 YEARS OF UN PEACEKEEPING
Today, peace and security are not longer viewed only in terms of
absence of
military conflicts but the common interests of human- kind. Over the
years the
General Assembly has helped to promote peaceful relations among
nations by
adopting several resolutions and declarations on peace, the peaceful
settlement of disputes and international cooperation in strengthening
peace.
UN played effective peace making role in Afghanistan, Somalia, crisis
in
former Yugoslav Republics, Kosovo, Middle East (Arabs, Israel conflict),
Angola, Congo, Rwanda, and in Gulf crisis.

29 May 2008 marks not only the international day of peacekeepers,

but also
the sixtieth anniversary of UN Peacekeeping Operation.