DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF

EXPERIMENTS

Dr. Tamer A. Mohamed

AIM

The main aim of this module is to help students

design, conduct, analyze, interpret and
communicate the results of engineering
experiments.
 INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
Knowledge and understanding
On completion of this module students should be able to
demonstrate knowledge and understanding of:
1. describe the basic principles of experimentation;
2. explain the guidelines for designing experiments;
Subject-specific cognitive skills

On completion of this module students should be able

to/demonstrate ability in:
3. apply statistical test of hypotheses and provide statistical
inferences;
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
Subject-specific practical skills
On completion of this module students should
be able to/demonstrate ability in:
4. design and analyse experiments that involve one
factors designs including randomized and
randomized block designs;
5. design and analyse experiments that involve
more than one factor experiments including
general factorial experiments, 2k factorial
experiments, and fractional factorial;
6. use software for the design and analysis of
experiments;
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
Key/transferable skills
On completion of this module students should be
able to/demonstrate ability in:
7. communicate effectively with colleagues and
others;
8. work as a member of a team;
9. analyze real life problems using design and
analysis of experiments.
TEACHING AND LEARNING
12, 1 hr lectures. This method informs learning
outcomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
12, 2 hr tutorial. This method informs learning
outcomes 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
64 hrs private study
 ASSESSMENT
1. A 120 minute unseen written
examination. This method carries 60% of
the total mark and assesses learning
outcomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
2. Coursework assignment consists of 1 in-
class assignment. This carries 15% of the
total mark and assesses learning outcomes
3, 4.
 ASSESSMENT
3. Group project (4 or 5 students)that includes a
problem statement, experimental methodology
designed and parameters and responses specified
then the students implement the experiment and
statistically analyse the data. The students shall
report their work in a 2000 words report (15%)
and a presentation(10%) will be made to assess
individual effort. This carries 25% of the total
mark and assesses learning outcomes 6, 7, 8, 9.
READING
D.C. Montgomery, "Design and Analysis of
Experiments", 6th ed., Wiley Inc. (2010).
Ranjit K. Roy, "Design of Experiments Using The
Taguchi Approach", Wiley Inter science, (2001).
SYLLABUS
Introduction
Simple Comparative Experiments
Studies based on One Sample
Estimation
Test of Hypothesis

Studies based on Two Samples

Estimation
Test of Hypothesis

Experiments with single factor based on two or more

samples (ANOVA Analysis)
Randomised Complete Block Design

Factorial Design

2k Factorial Design
 Chapter 1 Introduction
Experiment
A planed course of action aimed at answering
one or more carefully framed questions
Design
The pattern of experimentation, or the plan for
performing the experiment
Statistically Designed Experiments
A restricted kind of experiments, in
which, the engineer (experimenter):
Selects certain factors to study,
Deliberately varies those factors, in a
controlled fashion, then
Uses statistical methods to make
objective conclusions regarding their
effect.
The Strategy
Sequential Learning & the P-D-C-A cycle
Act: Plan:
Conclude and Confirm State the Problem
or (Hypothesis)
Modify and Re-Test A P
Check: Do:
Evaluate Results C D Select and Perform
Using Statistical the Experiment
Techniques
Experiments are performed to gain
knowledge about a process or system:
Controllable Factors
X1 X2 . Xp

Input PROCESS Output

Y= Response
Z1 Z2 . Zq
Uncontrollable Factors
Objectives
1. What are the influential variables?
2. Where to set the influential variables such that
Y is on target?
3. Where to set the influential variables so as to
minimize the variability in Y?
4. Where to set the influential variables so as to
minimize the effect of the uncontrollable
variables on Y?
Guidelines: [Coleman & Montgomery 1993]
1. Statement of the problem:
Clear, unbiased and of practical consequence.
2. Choice of the factors:
Control variables:
Influential, Controllable and can be measured.
Nuisance factors:
NUISANCE FACTOR
There effect is not of interest
Unknown and Uncontrollable: we dont know it.
(Randomization will help us to reduce or
eliminate its effect
Known but Uncontrolled: Example,
Environmental humidity, Analysis of
Covariance can be used Outside our study
syllabus
Known and Controllable: Blocking or hold
constant. Blocking: we do the experiment in
blocks. Hold constant: we do the whole
experiment at one level of the variable
3. Selection of the response (s):
Ability to capture a quality or quantity of interest.
Can be obtained using Non-destructive testing.
Continuous variable.
Constant variance.
4. Choice of the design.
5. Perform the experiment.
6. Statistical data analysis.
7. Conclusions and Recommendations.
Basic Principles:
1. Replication:
Repetition of the basic experiment.
Provides an estimate of the error.
Help obtain more precise estimates.
Not to be confused with repeated
measurements.
2. Randomization:
Pertains to the allocation of the units and the
order in which tests (runs) are performed.
Key requirement of statistical methods.
Average out the effect of unknown sources
of possible bias.
3. Blocking:
A design technique used to improve the
precision with which comparisons are
made.
Reduce/Eliminate the effect of nuisance
factors known to exist.
General Requirements:
1. Use your engineering knowledge,
2. Keep the design simple,
3. Recognize the difference between
statistical and practical significance,
4. Allow for iterative experimentation.