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DISEASES
Dr. SUHAEMI, SpPD, FINASIM
PENDAHULUAN
Demam Reumatik/DR merupakan penyakit
autoimun akibat faringitis streptokokkus beta
hemolitikus grup A.
Penyakit ini terjadi pada 0,3-3 % penderita
yang pernah menderita faringitis
streptokokkus.
Demam Reumatik merupakan penyebab utama
penyakit jantung didapat pada anak usia 5 thn
sampai dewasa muda di negara berkembang
dgn keadaan sosio ekonomi rendah dan
lingkungan buruk.
ARTRALGIA
LED
CRP /Protein C reaktif
Lekositosis
DASAR DIAGNOSIS
HIGHLY PROBABLE ( Sangat mungkin )
2 mayor atau 1 mayor dgn 2 minor
Disertai ASTO meningkat, Kultur positif
DOUBTFUL ( Meragukan )
2 minor
1 mayor dgn 2 minor
Tanpa disertai ASTO dan Kultur
DASAR DIAGNOSIS
EXCEPTION
ALERGI : ERITROMISIN
PENATALAKSANAAN
ANTI NYERI
Karditis Ringan :ASETOSAL saja: 2mg/kg
bb /hari
Karditis Berat : Predison: 100 mg/kg bb/hari
PANDUAN AKTIFITAS PADA DRA
PANDUAN OBAT ANTI INFLAMASI
Artritis Karditis Ringan Karditis Sedang Karditis Berat
Prednison 0 0 0 2 6 minggu
LAMA PENCEGAHAN :
Sampai Usia 21-25 thn tanpa ada bukti
kelainan katup.
SEUMUR HIDUP bila dengan kelainan katup
RHD
Merupakan kelainan jantung yang menetap
akibat demam reumatik sebelumnya.
PATOFISIOLOGI
Sinus Takikardia
Pemanjangan PR interval
EKOKARDIOGRAFI
Miokarditis : menilai tingkat kontraktilitas
miokardium dan mengukur EF
MI atau AI
Efusi Perikardium
PENATALAKSANAAN
TERGANTUNG KELAINAN KATUP YANG
TERJADI:
Insufisiensi Mitral/ MI
MI dominan dgn MS
AI dgn MI
AI sendiri dgn berbagai derajat tingkat
stenosis
MS Dominan dgn/tanpa MI
TI akibat hipertensi pulmonal karena lesi
valvular kiri
Mitral 85%,Ao 54% kasus, Tri/Pul kurang 5%
PEMUSNAHAN STREPTOKOKUS
Benzatin Penicillin G dosis tunggal
Dosis 1,2 juta / im untuk BB>30kg, dan
600.000/im bila BB<30kg
Jika alergi terhadap Benzatin Penicillin G :
Eritromisin 40 mg/kgBB/hari dibagi 2-4 dosis
selama 10 hari
Alternatif lain :
Oral penisilin V, 2x250mg
Oral sulfadiazin, 1gr sekali sehari
Oral Eritromisin, 2x250 mg
PEMBEDAHAN
Indikasi utama operasi MI dominan meliputi
gagal jantung yg sering kumat yg tidak
responsif dgn penanganan medik.
Anuloplasti
Valvuloplasti
Replacement Katup/ PROTESIS
Bjork-Shiley
St.Jude Medical
Starr and Edward
Fig 1. Commissurotomy and anterior mitral
debridement for predominant mitral stenosis.
The commissures are incised to allow full valve
opening (top).
The debridement is begun by incising 1 mm
from the anterior annulus using a scalpel and
incising approximately half the depth of the
thickened leaflet (middle).
The leaflet is thinned to the coaptation edge
by peeling the fibrotic and scarred tissue off
of the anterior leaflet (bottom).
Fig 2. Commissuroplasty. For small children without
an adult-sized annulus and predominantly mitral
regurgitation, a commissuroplasty is performed to
reduce the annular size and allow better coaptation
of the anterior leaflet.
PROSTHETIC VALVES-
MECHANICAL
Three types:
Ball-cage valve
Single tilting disk valve
Bileaflet valve
Durable but require life long
anticoagulation
For operative procedures, warfarin
typically is discontinued for 48-72 hours
and restarted postop as soon as possible,
except for:
Mechanical mitral prosthesis
Atrial fibrillation
Prior thromboembolic events
Ball-cage valve
Bileaflet valve
PROSTHETIC VALVES-
BIOLOGICAL
Biological Valves
Composed of autologous or xenograft biological
material mounted on stents and a sewing ring
Warfarin therapy not required due to lower
thromboembolic potential
Valve durability less when compared to mechanical
valves
Newer stentless valves with increased longevity
THIS IS TOO
LATE
ANTICOAGULATION GUIDELINES
FOR MECHANICAL VALVES