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SARTHAK GROVER
VAISHNAV SHARAN
SARTHAK ARORA
 Ekadhikina Purvena
Ekadhikena Purvena (One More than the Previous) is a sutra useful in finding
squares of numbers (like 25x25, 95x95, 105x105, 992x992 etc) and special
divisions like 1 divided by 19, 29, 39, . 199 etc. just in one step.

Division
To Divide 1 by numbers ending with 9 like 1 divided by 19, 29, 39, .. 119
etc. is a tedious work,using conventional method. Some of these numbers
like 19, 29, 59 are prime numbers and so cannot be factorized and division
becomes all the more difficult and runs into many pages in the present
conventional method and the chances of making mistakes are many.
The Vedic Solution is obtained by applying the Sutra (theorem)Ekadhikena
Purvenawhich when translated meansBy one more than the previous
one
Method 1
For example, take .In the divisor(19), previous one or the number before 9 is 1. By
sutra,Eka adhika or by adding 1 more to the previous one, we get 2. Lets call the
previous one+1 (here 2) as "x".In this method,we start from the end.There will be
(divisor-1) terms in the answer.Now,
Assign last number to be 1.Now,multiply it with "x".ie,
21
(1*x)|1
Now go on multiplying with "x" for (divisor-1)/2 times (here, ) ,ie,
Result : 9 4 7 3 6 8 4 2 1
Process:(4*x+1)|(7*x)|(3*x+1)|[6*x+1(carry of last multiplication)]|(8*x)|(4*x)|(2*x)|(1*x)
In the next step,we write the compliment of 9 from the last number onwards,(divisor-1)/2
times
Result : 0 5 2 6 3 1 5 7 8 9 4 7 3 6 8 4 2 1
Process : (9-i)|(9-h)|(9-g)|(9-f)|(9-e)|(9-d)|(9-c)|(9-b)|(9-a)|i|h|g|f|e|d|c|b|a
Now, prefix 0.,and this is your final answer,more accurate than a value that your calculator
or computer can give. Following the same steps, , , ..can also be found in seconds,if you
practice it.
For example, = 0.0 3 4 4 8 2 7 5 8 6 2 0 6 8 9 6 5 5 1 7 2 4 1 3 7 9 3 1 ( terms)
1/19 = 0.0 5 2 6 3 1 5 7 8 9 4 7 3 6 8 4 2 1
Method 2

Method 3
Multiplica
tion
khilam Navatashcaramam Dashatah
Don't be afraid by the name. It is nothing but aSanskrit sutra, a sutra as you
know is 'thread of knowledge' . It's the root word of the English word '.Sutras
are nothing but formulas. so this formula means 'all from 9 and the last from
10,.

This method can be applied for the multiplication of numbers with the same
base. By base I mean both the numbers have to be 100+ something or 200+
something or 10+ something like that.

For example, fi we want to multiply 14 x17, 104 x 102 or 212 x 205 we can
Example 1
apply this method.
14 x 17, here base of both the numbers are the same, ie. 10. The first
number is 4 more than 10 and the second is 7 more than 10. For convenience
we call these as the deviations. Hence the deviations of 14 and 17from10
are 4 and 7respectively.

Step 1:Add the deviation of one number with the other number.That means;
14 + or 17 +
either
7 4
21 21
in both case itthesame answer 21.
Step 2:Since the base is 10 multiply the above sum with 10.
21 x 10 = 210

Step 3:Multiply the deviations.

4 x 7 = 28

Step 4:Add the answers in Step 2 and Step 3.

210 +
28
238
So we got the answer
14 x 17 = 238
Here I'veelaboratelyexplained things,but one you practise the method; it's
all a mental calculation.
Example 2

102 x 104 . Here base is 100, deviations are 2 and 4 respectively.

So deviation of one number plus the other number is 106.

The product of this sum with base is 10600.

The product of deviations is 8. Now add 10600 + 8 .

Therefore: 102 x 104 = 10608

In both the examples I've deliberately taken the base as either 10 or 100. But
what if the base is 20, 30 or 400 or something like that. See the following
example.
Example 3

212 x 205, here base of both the numbers are 200. (100 x 2 ) . Hence the
deviations are 12 and 5 respectively.

Step 1: Add the deviation of one number with the other number.That means;
either

212 + or 205 +
5 12
217 217

Step 2: Since the base is 200 multiply the above sum with 200.

217 x 200 = 43400

Step : 3 Multiply the deviations.
12 x 5 = 60
Step: 4 Add the answers in Step 2 and Step 3.
43400 +
60
43460
Therefore
212 x 205 = 43460
Paravartya Yogayat
 Specific Condition Required
Lets see the what Paravartya Division Tricks are required
in this Sutra.
We apply this method when the Divisor is greater than
power of 10 (10,100,1000, etc) and starts with 1.
(The DivisorNeed NOT to be JUST GREATERthan
power of 10 since large digits(6,7,8,9) can be
converted to smaller digits(1,2,3,4) using Vinculum.
Also if Divisor starts with other than 1 then we can
apply Anurupyena Sutra.
As the name (Transpose and Apply) suggests we
change the sign and apply the changed number. i.e.
Addition will be turned to Subtraction , Division will be
changed to Multiplication and vice versas.
Remainder Theorem and Horners process of Synthetic
Division are small parts of Paravartya Sutra.
 Example
432/11
Discard the 1st digit(1) of
Divisor(11) and take
Transpose of remaining
digits(i.e. -1 or Bar 1).
Split Dividend in 2 parts
(Quotient & Divisor) in such a
way that Remainder part
should have same number of
digits thus obtained in 1st
step.Thus remainder part will
have only 1 digit
Now carry the same process
as done with previous
(Nikhilam) method.
If any bar digit is present in
final answer, convert to
Clear any possible doubt
 Path To Perfection
Divide
1. 667274/45647
2. 6327365/5485
3. 672323/98574
4. 32432440/9358
5. 882933/5344
URDHVA TIRYAGBHYAM
 About It
Urdhva tiryagbhyamis the
general formula applicable to all
cases of multiplication and also in
the division of a large number by
another large number. It means
Vertically and cross wise.
 Learning through example
Eg. Multiplication of two 2 digit numbers.
Ex.1: Find the product 14 X 12
The symbols are operated from right to left .
Step i) :
 Step ii) :

Step iii) :
 Clear any possible doubt
Let us work another problem by placing
the carried over digits under the first row
and proceed.
Steps:
i) 4 X 6 = 24 : 2, the carried over digit is placed
below the second digit.
ii) (3 X 6) + (4 x 1) = 18 + 4 = 22 ; 2, the carried
over digit is placed below third digit.
iii) (2 X 6) + (3 X 1) + (4 X 3) = 12 + 3 + 12 = 27 ; 2,
the carried over digit is placed below fourth digit.
iv) (2 X 1) + ( 3 X 3) = 2 + 9 = 11; 1, the carried over
digit is placed below fifth digit.
v) ( 2 X 3 ) = 6.
vi) Respective digits are added.
 A general rule
General rule for a 3 digit by 3 digit
multiplication: