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IMMUNOGENS
Immunogens:
Substansi asing yang dapat
menstimulir respons imun spesifik.
Antigens:
Subtansi yang mampu berikatan secara
spesifik dengan antibodi yang diproduksi
oleh sel B atau sel T
immunogen adl antigen namun tidak
semua antigen adalah immunogen
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Antigens and immunogens3
Immunogenic antigen
hapten epitope
protein
epitopes
Antigen
Paratope:
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Paratope:
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12
Syarat antigen
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1- Foreignness
2- Molecular size
3- Chemical nature
4- Degradability
5- Host genetic factors
6- Methods of administration of
antigen (dose, route of
administration, adjuvant)
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Dr. Emad AbdElhameed Morad Antigens and immunogens15
1- Foreignness
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Morad Antigens and immunogens16
2- Molecular size:
3- Chemical nature:
Adjuvant
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Antigens and immunogens19
Dosis
substansi menjadi immunogenik,
pemberian dgn dosis tepat.
Toleransi munul bila diberikan dg dosis
yang tinggi atau rendah.
Route
Rute Parenteral menginduksi I respons imn
yang kuat dibanding rute oral .
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Antigens and immunogens20
Adjuvan
ts
Definisi:
Substansi yang bila dicampur dg antigen
akan meningkatkan respons imun thd
antigen tsb.
Examples:
1- Freund s adjuvant ( killed tubercle bacilli
+ mineral oil + detergent)
2- Aluminum hydroxide
3- BCG vaccine (attenuated mycobacterium)
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Antigens and immunogens21
Mechanisms of action:
1. mengaktifkan macrophages.
2.Meningkatkan costimulatory signal
molecules sehingga memaksimalkan
aktivasi sel T helper .
3.Menstimulasi non-specific proliferation
of lymphocytes.
4.Depot effect: dg pembentukan granuloma
sekell antigen, sehingga absorpsinya
diperlambat. Shg adjuvants
memperpanjang keberadaan antigen dalam
tubuh dan akan kontak dg sistem respon
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Antigens and immunogens22
Bacterial
antigens
Viral
antigens
Human
tissue
antigens
Superantigen
s
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Antigens and immunogens23
Bacterial
antigens
Soluble antigens:
* mengekresikan produk ke sekell
sebagai exotoxins dan enzymes
Cellular antigens:
1- K atau capsular antigens
2- H atau flagellar antigens
3- O atau somatic antigens
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Antigens and immunogens24
Antigenic structure of a bacterium
Human
tissue
antigens
Blood group antigens:
* A dan B juga Rh antigens pd sel drh
merah
Major histocompatibility
complex:
1- MHC class I
2- MHC class II
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Antigens and immunogens26
Bila antigen stimulir antibody dimana
dapat bereaksi dg antigen yang tidak
homolog , maka antibody disebut
heterophile antibody dan antigens disebut
heterophile antigens.
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Antigens and immunogens27
Examples:
1- Rheumatic fever
Heteroph Cardiac
Streptococcus ile muscle
pyogenes M antibodie protein
protein
s s
Streptococcus pyogenes protein M
mestimulir pembentukan antibodi yang
menyerang otot jantung sehingga
menyebabkan rheumatic carditis.
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Antigens and immunogens28
2- Paul Bunnel test
Heteroph Sheep
Epstein red
ile
Barr virus
(EBV)
antibodie blood
s cells
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Antigens and immunogens29
3- Weil Felix reaction
Heteroph
Proteus
ile
Rickettsia antibodie OX
s strains
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Antigens and immunogens30
4- Cold agglutinins
Mycoplas Heteroph Human
ma ile group O
pneumoni antibodie red cells
ae s at 4
degree
Mycoplasma pneumoniae stimulate formation of
antibodies that agglutinate human red cells
group O at 4 degree centigrade.
These heterophile antibodies are called cold
agglutinins.
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Antigens and immunogens31
5- Syphilis
Heteroph
Treponem ile Cardiolipi
a antibodie n
s
Pendinginan, radiasi,
obat (amidopyrine, sulphonamides,
preparations of gold, etc.),
virus infections "(virus pneumonias and
mononucleosis),
bacterial proteins dan toxins
streptococci, staphylococci, tubercle
bacilli, paraproteins,
aseptic autolysis of brain tissue,
dan faktor lain.