Lipids

Done by: Rachelle Barrett, Derick

Tidort, Aarin White and Tuwanna
Jones
Table of Content
What are lipids
Phospholipids
Functions of lipids
What is Obesity
Importance of lipids
Pictures of Obesity
Groups of Lipids
Relationship between
Picture of groups of triglycerides and
lipids Obesity
Triglycerides Pictures of triglycerides
Importance of and Obesity
Triglycerides Conclusion
Structure of Bibliography
Triglycerides
What are Lipids
Lipids are molecules
which consist of atoms
of carbon, hydrogen
and oxygen.
They have many non-
polar covalent bonds
They are also
hydrophobic meaning it
doesnt mix with water.
Lipids molecules are
held together by Van
Der Waals forces.
 Functions of Lipids
Fats, oils, waxes and
phospholipids are lipids
Fats and oils are used to make
energy for e.g. plants store food
energy as oils in seeds and
fruits
Animals having a limited
capacity of carbohydrates,
readily convert excess sugar
into fats.
The fats and oils contain more
energy-rich carbon-hydrogen
bonds than carbohydrates thus
having more energy.
The importance of Lipids to
humans
Lipids act as an electrical insulation in the myelin
sheaths on nerve cells. Lipids have fats and oil on
the surface of skin to repel water. It is a good
source of energy for muscles and the body, it is
the building blocks from which hormones and bile
acids are made. It is an important component of
the nervous system
We wouldnt be able to digest or absorb food
properly without lipids. The bile acids produced
from the lipids allow fat and water to mix in our
intestine to aid in digestion. They also needed to
transport fat soluble vitamins A,D,E and K.
Groups of Lipids
The two groups of lipids are
triglycerides and phospholipids.
They the both have the same
basic structure with glycerol and
three attached units.
The units are fatty acids
Pictures of group of
lipids
 What are Triglycerides
Triglyceride is another
name for fat and oil
molecules. The bonds are
formed by condensation
reactions where the water
molecule is removed.
A triglyceride molecule is
made of a backbone of
glycerol, to which three
fatty acids are attached by
ester bonds. Some
triglycerides have three
identical fatty acids and
Importance of
Triglycerides
Triglycerides are excellent energy storage
molecules. They are stored in this special fat
tissue called Adipose in animals and as oil
droplets in plants. The layers of adipose tissue
under the skin also provide a barrier to heat loss
and act as thermal insulation
Blubber is a thick layer of fat found under the
skin of marine mammals such as whales. It helps
reduce the loss of body heat.
 Structure of Triglycerides
Triglycerides are non-polar.
Which means, there is no
even distribution of charge
within the molecules. They do
not form hydrogen bonds with
water molecules and
therefore do not dissolve in
water- they are hydrophobic
The lengths of the fatty acid
chain determines the physical
properties of the fat (melting
point). The saturated and
unsaturated also affects the
physical properties
 Phospholipids
Phospholipids play an important
structural role in cellular
membranes. In phospholipids, the
third carbon of the glycerol
molecule has a phosphate and
nitrogen group attached. The
phosphate group is negatively
charged.
A phospholipid is composed of
glycerol, two fatty acids and a
phosphate part. The phosphate part
is soluble in water, while the fatty
acids are insoluble in water.
The molecule has a hydrophilic
(water liking) and hydrophobic
(water hating) region.
What is Obesity
Obesity is a medical condition in which the body
stores excess amounts of fats. It is commonly
caused by the consumption of excess dietary
calories.
It can be controlled by exercise and a healthy
diet. Obesity can cause illnesses such as
diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Also caused
by the consumption of high energy foods such
as carbohydrates and fats and are more likely to
cause problems.
The extra fat such as carbohydrate and protein
or alcohol can be converted into body fat.
Pictures of Obesity
 Relationship between
triglycerides and obesity.
Triglycerides are actually pre-fat chemical
compounds which are created in the body when it
has more calories than it needs. So these can be
considered as the reserved energy stores in our
body, then they are transformed into fat
molecules and stored within the body if not used
soon. Constantly accumulating fat makes a person
become overweight and later obese if left
uncontrolled.
A person who is obese has triglyceride levels as
high as 2000 mg/dl or even higher. The
triglyceride level often rises because of a disease
Relationship between triglycerides
and obesity. (Contd)
Fat levels will rise in your diet if it contains large
amount of oily and fried foods along with sweets
and carbohydrates. The key is to monitor the
amount of calories in order to reduce
triglycerides (which aids in loosing weight) is by
replacing unhealthy, saturated fats found in red
meat and fries with unsaturated omega fats
found in fish oil, fish fat and oils from coconut.
Excess consumption of beer or any alcoholic
drink can make you obese as well. This is
because the alcohol boosts ones blood
triglyceride levels, which makes it an obstacle on
Pictures of Triglycerides and
Obesity
Conclusion
In conclusion phospholipids and triglycerides
are the main factors in a lipid. Lipids are non
polar covalent bonds which essentially
important to humans and are vital for proper
function of the body and all systems and
organs within. The consumption of too much
fatty foods is what raises your triglyceride
level hence making a person become obese.
Bibliography
Biology for cape examinations (Claire Durant)
www.googleimages.com
Cambridge international A/AS-Level Biology
Revision Guide (Mary Jones)
Biological Science 1&2 (D.J Taylor, N.P.O Green,
G.W Stout, R.Soper)
A Caribbean Examinations Council Study Guide
(Nelson Thornes)
Triglycerides.me/what-causes-high-
triglycerides/obesity
Mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-
cholesterol/in-depth/triglycerides/ART-20048186
THANKS FOR WATCHING
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