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Transport of Substances
Substances move by diffusion or by
motor proteins.
Diffusion over large distances is slow
and inefficient.
Small cells maintain more efficient
transport systems.
Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction
Cellular Communications
The need for signaling proteins to move
throughout the cell also limits cell size.
Cell size affects the ability of the cell
to communicate instructions for
cellular functions.
Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction
The nuclear
envelope seems
to disappear.
Spindle fibers
attach to the sister
chromatids.
Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction
Metaphase
Sister chromatids
are pulled along the
spindle apparatus
toward the center of
the cell.
They line up in the
middle of the cell.
Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction
Anaphase
The microtubules of the spindle apparatus
begin to shorten.
The sister chromatids separate.
The chromosomes move toward the poles
of the cell.
Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction
Telophase
The chromosomes arrive at the poles and
begin to relax.
Two new nuclear membranes begin to form
and the nucleoli reappear.
The spindle apparatus disassembles.
Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction
Cytokinesis
In animal cells, microfilaments constrict, or
pinch, the cytoplasm.
In plant cells, a new structure, called a cell
plate, forms.
Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction
Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction
Causes of Cancer
The changes that occur in the regulation of
cell growth and division of cancer cells are
due to mutations.
Various environmental factors can affect the
occurrence of cancer cells.
Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death
Cells going through apoptosis actually shrink
and shrivel in a controlled process.
Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction
Stem Cells
Unspecialized cells
that can develop into
specialized cells
when under the right
conditions
Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction
Chapter Diagnostic
Questions
Chapter Diagnostic
Questions
A. interphase
B. metaphase
C. anaphase 1. A
2. B
D. telophase 3. C
4. D
Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction
Chapter Diagnostic
Questions
9.1 Formative
Questions
A. larger cells
B. smaller cells
C. cells with lower surface 1. A
area to volume ratio 2. B
3. C
D. cells shaped like a cube 4. D
Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Formative
Questions
9.1 Formative
Questions
9.2 Formative
Questions
A. cytokinesis
B. interphase
C. mitosis 1. A
2. B
D. prophase 3. C
4. D
Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction
9.2 Formative
Questions
1. A
C. D. 2. B
3. C
4. D
Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction
9.2 Formative
Questions
9.3 Formative
Questions
A. chromatin and
chromosomes
B. cyclin and CDKs
1. A
C. microtubules and 2. B
3. C
spindle fibers 4. D
9.3 Formative
Questions
9.3 Formative
Questions
A. apoptosis
B. carcinogens
1. A
C. cytokinesis 2. B
3. C
D. mitosis 4. D
Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction
9.3 Formative
Questions
A. apoptotic cells
B. cancer cells
1. A
C. prokaryotic cells 2. B
3. C
D. stem cells 4. D
Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction
Chapter Assessment
Questions
Chapter Assessment
Questions
Chapter Assessment
Questions
Standardized Test
Practice
Standardized Test
Practice
A. G1
B. S 1. A
2. B
C. G2 3. C
4. D
D. M
Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction
Standardized Test
Practice
Standardized Test
Practice
Standardized Test
Practice
Image Bank
Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction
Vocabulary
Section 1
cell cycle
interphase
mitosis
cytokinesis
chromosome
chromatin
Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction
Vocabulary
Section 2
prophase
sister chromatid
centromere
spindle apparatus
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction
Vocabulary
Section 3
cyclin
cyclin-dependent kinase
cancer
carcinogen
apoptosis
stem cell
Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction
Animation