Spiral Wound Forward

Osmosis Module

A Presentation By:-
1) Harsh Patel 1402003
2) Akshat Sanandia-1402005
3) Rahil Shah 1402026
4) Nilay Adhiya 1402037
5) Arsh Ismaili-1402041
6) Shaivil Trivedi - 1402043
 Types of Spiral wound Forward
Osmosis membrane module

cellulose triacetate membrane

module
CTA was developed by Hydration Technology Innovations
(HTI)

thin film composite membrane

module
TFC polyamide module manufactured by Toray Industries,
Korea.
 Specifications of two SW FO membrane
modules
Parameter CTA (HTI) TFC (Toray)
Water permeability (A), 1.6 0.2 8.9 0.1
Lm2 h1 bar1
Effective membrane 9 15
area, m2
Number of leaves in the 6 10
assembly
Feed spacer thickness, 2.5 1.19
mm
Feed spacer type Corrugated polystyrene Diamond polypropylene
draw spacer type 600 m3/m2
Tricot (dense/rigid) Tricot (flexible)/diamond
Packing density
Diamond Tricot Tricot
polypropylene (flexible)/diamond (dense/rigid)
Process Diagram
 Draw solution
A draw solution at a concentration of 35 g/L of
Red Sea salt (RSS)from Red Sea Inc. with an
equivalent osmotic pressure of 24.7 bar was
prepared and used in all experiments. RSS
composition is described. Humic acid and
alginate were chosen as model organic
foulants,while calcium(as
calciumchloride,CaCl2)was added to further
enhance fouling
 Feed solution
the FS was prepared by mixing the following
chemicals to tap water: 1.2 g/L RSS, 0.22 g/L
CaCl2 , 0.2 g/L humic acid sodium salt (Aldrich,
Milwaukee, WIS) and 0.2 g/L alginic acid sodium
salt (Sigma Aldrich Co., St Louis, MO). The total
organic carbon (TOC) concentration of the feed
was 94 mg/L.
 Experimental procedure
Flow meters, pressure gauges and electrical conductivity
(EC) meters were installed at both the inlet and outlet
points of the module and connected to a computer for
online data recording and monitoring
Draw and feed solutions were prepared in the vessels.
Then the solution is introduced into feed side and the draw
solution is fed the forward osmosis unit on permeate side.
The steady state operation took to achieve. During this
time the conductivities of FS and DS, FS and DS outlet
concentration were measured by conductivity meter.
After recording the result, the solution was drained through
a drain valve. The whole system was washed by deionized
water. Now, the system is ready for the next run.
The maximum operating pressure used in this study was
2.5 bar as feed inlet pressure.
 Experiment condition
module Test on. Feed cross- Draw cross- FS and DS
flow flow
velocity, velocity,
m/s (L/min) m/s (L/min)
CTA 1 0.08-0.44 0.04(10) Tap water of
(17-100) 500L

2 0.18(40) 0.02-0.07(4-
15)
TFC 1 0.16-0.91 0.09(10)
(17-100)

2 0.37(40) 0.04-0.14(4-
15)
 calculation
Water fluxes (Jw, Lm2 h1) were calculated
by using the following formula:

Am is the effective membrane surface area (m2)

and t is the operation time (hr)
The recovery rate (%) during the operation in
FO and PAO modes was defined as
 The concentration change in the feed solution at the beginning
and end of each experiment was measured. The measured
value was used to calculate the specific reverse solute flux
(SRSF),which is defined as a ratio of reverse salt flux (Js, gm2
h1) and water flux (Jw, Lm2 h1). SRSF (Js/Jw, g/L) was then
calculated using the following formula:

where Ci and Cf are the initial and final feed solute

concentration (g/L), and Vi and Vf are the initial and final
volume of the feed water (L).
When DI water was used as FS, the RSF/SRSF was determined
by measuring the increased electrical conductivity of the FS
between the start and end of each batch experiment. The
electrical conductivity was then converted into mass
concentration using calibration curve for the RSS concentration
versus conductivity
 Cleaning of spiral wound modules
As much as possible of the fouling in the
membranes should be removed through
cleaning. Several types of membrane cleaning
are available. One can divided the different
cleaning
methods in two major categories; physical
cleaning and chemical cleaning.
Cleaning In Place(CIP) is the most common
used method to clean, and is a type of
chemical cleaning. This method is not always
successful to remove the fouling sufficiently.
Especially bio fouling and particulate fouling is
difficult to remove with chemical cleaning. AiRO
and Clean Operator are cleaning technologies
THANK
YOU