|
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 DIMÔI
Ô
Ô

h Dimension stone can be defined as natural rock material

quarried for the purpose of obtaining blocks or slabs that meet
specifications as to size (width, length, and thickness) and shape
(Barton, 1968, p. 4). Color, grain texture and pattern, and
surface finish of the stone are also normal requirements.
Durability (essentially based on mineral composition and
hardness and past performance), strength, and the ability of the
stone to take a polish are other important selection criteria.
method of finishing a stone, and the type of finish applied
(Ôtone World, 2001, p. 106-139).
India has a long history of utilisation of stones. owering temples,
acquisitive carvings, huge imposing palaces, monuments,
musoleums, minarets, gates and artefacts speaks volumes about
the use of stones, let it be the Khajuraho, Delwara temples, caves
of Ajanta & llora, stupas of Ôanchi, Konarktemple, Buland
Darwaza of Fatehpur Ôikri, Victory ower ofChittorgarh, Forts of
Rajasthan, U.P and Delhi all have been built using one stone or
other.

he aj Mahal, beauty par excellence built in 17th century by

mperor Ôhahjahan in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz
Mahal has been built using white marble from Makrana area,
agaur Distt. of Rajasthan.

Although Delwara temple at Mount Abu, built earlier than

aj Mahal could not give impetus to marble industry as the aj
had given. It has remained the trademark of India for the last
three hundred years.
 MARB
h he term marble is derived from the atin word MURMUR which itself
came from Greek root µMarmorous¶ meaning µÔhining Ôtone¶.
h Murmur in Persian means µWhite¶ and µÔang¶ means stone hence
µÔange-murmur¶
h Geological definition: A metamorphosed limestone produced by
recrystallisation under condition of thermal and also regional
metamorphism.
h Ë In commercial parlance almost any rock which can take polish easily ±
more especially unmetamorphosed lime stones are termed as marble.
h ËMarble definition (UÔGÔ):Commercial marble includes metamorphosed
lime stones and serpentine rocks, all of which are capable of taking a
polish. An important member of this classification is serpentine marble,
which is also known as Verde antique, and comprises green-to-black
serpentine, which is a hydrous magnesium silicate mineral that is
crisscrossed by veins of lighter minerals, such as calcite or dolomite.
 Why is marble so beautiful?

It is largely consisting of calcite, whose boundaries are fused.

his has the ability to transmit lights to a depth of 12.7 to 38
millimeters from where it is reflected by the surfaces of deeper
lying crystals which gives a pleasing and cool look. Your eyes
will never tire off looking at marble.
 YPÔ
FMARB

 ruemarbles(recrystallisedmetamorphiclimestone,
calciferousandcipolin (siliceousmarbles)
h * imestone dolomite and polishable calcareous breccia
h * ravertine deposited from water solutions
h *
nyx
h * Calcareous alabaster
h * Ôerpentines
h *
phicalcite (serpentine limestones)
h * Verde-antique (massive serpentine with crossed vein lets of
other minerals like calcite/dolomite)
 IndianClassificationofMarble
h m
 
 
  
 

        
     
    
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 !
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$ %
 
    

heimportantnewtypesnotincludedinBIÔclassificationare:
h 1) Yellow marble of Jaisalmer
h 2) Pista marble (amphibolite variety) of Andhi-Jhiri belt, Jaipur, Alwar and Dausa
districts, Rajasthan
h 3) Brown green and golden ultramafics of Dunkar, Churu district, Rajasthan
h 4) Chocolate-brown and nglish teak wood marble of Jodhpur district, Rajasthan
h 5) Parrot green marble of Jhilo in Ôikar district, Rajasthan
h 6) Chocolate-brown or wood finish marble of Mandaldeh, Chittaurgarh district, Rajasthan
h
h 7) Purple marble of ripura Ôundari in Banswara district, Rajasthan
h 8) Blue marble of Desuri in Pali district, Rajasthan
 InternationalClassificationofmarble
Group A

 
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 ResourcesofMarble
°eological distribution:
Dharwar System:
. 
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 GeographicalDistribution
1
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 Khamam,Cuddapah,ellore districts

+3
  Ambuja Marble deposit, Banakantha dist, Ambaji, Jarivav, Kumbheri,
Kateshwar,Bharaj, Khikla etc. Chhuchupura Marble deposit in Vadodra
districts

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 ResourcesofMarble1.4.2005(UFC)(Grade-wise)
(000t)
(Cat121&122) Cat333)
(Max.)

Grade Reserve Resources otal

otal 4700 178938 1792638

Whitecolour 373 8193 8566

ffcolour 108 677435 677543

Unclassified 0 1080531 1080531

otknown 4219 21779 25998

 ÔtatewiseResourcesofMarble,1.4.2005(UFC)
(000tonnes)
Ôtate Reserves Resources otal

AndhraPradesh 0 3 3

Chhattisgarh 0 3000 83000

Gujarat 0 93740 93740

Haryana 0 22328 22328

J&K 0 404703 404703

Maharashtra 324 57723 58047

Rajasthan 2184 1118058 1122435

Ôikkim 0 2382 2382

Uttarakhand 0 6000 6000

 Ô
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. .

Andh
a/
adeh
Siim Chhai a
h Guja
a
0'13% 0'00% 5'23% Ha
)ana
Ua
ahand 4'63%
0'33% 1'25%

6/ /
Raja an
22' %
62'61%

(aha
ah
a
3'24%
 otalresourcesv/sProduction
Ôtate otalresourcesMI1.4.2005 Production(2005-06)
(milliontonnes) (Rs.million)

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 AllIndiaValueofproduction,2001-02to2005-06
(Value:Rs.Million)

 @@
 
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ValueRs.Million





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  @ @  
EAR
 Production
Ôtate-wiseValueofproduction
(Value:Rs.¶000)

Ôtate 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06

Andhra 1435 448 373 659 695

Pradesh

Gujarat 315612 294576 287242 312587 490042

Jharkhand - - - - 106

Madhya 15634 97278 177106 244845 244845

Pradesh

rissa 210 362 415 415 415

Rajasthan 4092393 5141838 4978112 5221400 11916345

Ô. .B/C ÔB/ 207,. 9/=/ 2 *B /
*7B/C ÔB

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AMIIG
 Miningofmarble

h marbleminesaresemi-mechanisedandfewarefully
mechanised
h preferredminingmethodis Bench-Quarrying 
h miningmachinerieslikelinedrillers,chainsaws,belt
saws,diamondwiresawcutters,derrickcranes,
loadersandtippersareused
h ultimateproductinmarbleminingisparallelepiped
regularblocks,luffersandkhandas
h Fullymechanisedminesrecoverabout35%regular
blocks,30%luffersand30%khandas
ÔMIMCHAIÔDMIIG
xtractionofkeyblock,Gullyor odamaking
opplingof haddiorPhada
UseofHydrobagsfortoppling haddi
Blockcuttingfrom haddiusingWireÔaw
BlockcuttingorKhasrakarnafrom haddiusing
WireÔaw
Blockshiftingbyforklift
DerrickCraneforBlockifting
›
›
 UDGR
UDMIIG
FMARB

h ot practiced in India.

h Italy is fore runner owing to its Geology.
h Adopted where open pit mining is unfriendly to
nvironment.
h
verburden is difficult or un-economic to move.
h
verburden is entirely non-productive.
h Rock quality is sound to sustain load.
h he quality and Quantity of marble is proved by
drilling.
 ADVA AGÔ&DIÔADVA AGÔ
F
UDRGR
UDMIIG

Advantages
h essdestructiontoenvironment.
h ogenerationofdust.
h oorlesspollution.
h oeffectsonsurroundings.
Disadvantages
h Costintensive.
h Contaminationofgroundwater.
h otsuitableforselectivemining.
h Costlyproduct.
 Processingofmarble
h Dressingofblockbysinglebladecutterorwiresawcutter

h Fixingontrolleyforgangsawcutting

h CuttingblocksbygangsaworCircularsaw

h Processingofmarbleisdonemainlytogetsawnslabsand
tilesofvaryingthickness

h Recoveryofslabsfromregularblocksafterprocessing
rangesfrom60to70percent
 IN ST  I

 /
 O S

 LO S

X O TS

NTS I TS L S

LO LSL S ON NTS

STON  O SSO S  T  TS

SL S/TIL S O N NTL

SL IST TION

XO TS

OL S LL  S
STONINIS S LO LSL S
ONT TO S S S
TIL S
OT LS
 SONL

  
LOO IN  T L TO S NITIS OS I


L IN 
IT NTO S    S
I TIN 
DressingBlockforGangÔaw
MultiDiscCircularÔaw
CuttingByGangÔaw
PACM 
FBADÔADCU IGWAÔ I
GAGÔAW
VariousÔizesofÔlabs/ iles
M
DRWIRÔAWMACHI
VARIAB HICKÔÔ
FÔABÔBYWIRÔAW
DC
RA IVPICÔCU BYWIRÔAW
PIARÔC I
ÔCU BYWIRÔAW
Ô R HIGMARBÔAB
BY IGADAUMIIUM
PA
HAR MAKRÔ
Designer ilesequence
InlayWork
InlayWork
InlayWork
InlayWork
Decorativesofa
ÔtatuemadefromMakranaMarble
ÔtatuemadefromMakranaMarble
ÔtatuemadefromBlackMarble
CARVIGUÔIGAÔRÔÔ
RADCCMACHI
JAICU BYWA RJ 

Ô AIRCAÔÔCU BYWIRÔAW
Jali(attice)Work
DecorativeBallsofÔtone


 Major radingcountriesfromIndia

› ›


| 
   
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# 
 "$
$ 

|
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xportsofMarble( otal)(Quantity&Value)

„   • 
 
ŠŠŠ &
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'ŠŠ
Š' Š  Š
'
'ŠŠ'
Š '(  

'ŠŠ
Š ') ' 

'ŠŠ
Š( '' ''Š 
'
'ŠŠ(
Š) '( ' 
)'
 xportsofMarblebytype
(Dressed&
thers)
˜ uantity : in 000 t) ; ˜Value: in
s. ›illion)

 

 



 


 
  


 
 


 


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ValueofxportsofMarblevis-à-visGranite( otal)
Value:Rs.Million

„  !   

'ŠŠ
Š'  
'ŠŠ'
Š  ')
'ŠŠ
Š ' '(Š)
'ŠŠ
Š( ''Š ''(
'ŠŠ(
Š) ' Š)
 ImportsofMarble( otal)
(Quantity:in000t) ; (Value:inRs.Million)

 # %# * 

%#
'ŠŠ
Š' (' '' 

'ŠŠ'
Š  ) )
)
'ŠŠ
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)(
'ŠŠ
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'ŠŠ(
Š) '  Š 

 otalDemand(Value-wise)
(Rs.million)

„
  + 


  

   
,
--./- 00 .10. 10 2 3 -
-- /-3 3 .120 3 0. .04 ..4
--3/-0 003 313 3- - .4.3 0443
--0/- 41- 3- 3 - 0 ..0
-- /- . 020 .-. 1 30.- .3 1
 DEMAND OF MARBLE (Value in Rs. Million)

16000
y = 2112.1x + 279.3
14000

12000

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000

0
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2011-
2012
Ô
   

 
 P
ICY

h Marble, and other stones are minor minerals, as per the definition contained
under Ôection 3 (e) of Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act,

1957.
h Group on Marble Development
h Ôubgroup- Building up a Database on Marble
h Ôubgroup- xamining Mechanisation in Marble Quarries
h both the Ôubgroups had submitted the reports.
h Marble Development and Conservation Rules (MDCR), 2002 framed for
conservation and systematic development and scientific mining of marble
throughout the country
h As per the export-import policy announced for the years 2004-09; the imports
of Marble (excluding alabaster) under heading 2515 and Marble & other items
under code no. 25174100 and 25174900 are restricted.
ÔW
MA RI
 Ô RG H
U Hugedeposits
U Highqualitystones
U Adevelopedquarryingbase
U Aleadingexporterofstoneswhichisranked3rd intheworld
U Cheapavailabilityoflabour
U asyavailabilityofindigenouslydevelopedmachinery
U argedomesticmarket
U AwellestablisheddistributionnetworkwithinIndia

U Alargeprocessingcapacity
U Atraditionofstonearchitecture&usage
 WAKÔÔ

U ow quality awareness in customers

U Poor quality consciousness in manufacturers
U Absence of a training mechanism for the stone industry and a resultant shortage of
skilled and trained workforce
U ack of scientific exploitation techniques in quarries
U Poor polishing and finishing techniques
U Poor segregation, sorting and gradation
U Improper packaging practices
U Inability to stick to a strict delivery schedule
U Improper installation techniques. ack of promotion of new deposit areas
U Dumping of stones abroad at low prices
U ack of Value addition for the export market
U Absence of long-term and a rational policies
U Absence of sales tax initiatives to the stone craft industry
U ack of understanding about the need for testing of stones
U ack of testing facilities in orthern India
U Unorganised
U ack of education and training facilities
U ack of global outlook
U Presence of unscrupulous exporters

PP
R UI IÔ
U A large domestic market
U Increase in construction activity in India
U Increasing awareness amongst Architects
U Unexplored potential for exports growth
U An expanding world market
U An increased trend towards exports of finished goods
U Globalisation and liberalization
U Ôtrategic location with sea links to all the major continents
U xport Demand for stone handicrafts
U xport potential of sandstone and slates
 HRA Ô

U
peningupofimportregulations
U Competitionfromceramicproducts
U Importrestrictioninuropewithoutpropertestcertifications
U Widespreadenvironmentaldegradation
U Closureduetounscientificexploitation
U Rescessionduetooverproduction
U CompetitionfromChina,ÔouthAfrica,ÔouthKorea,Brazil, urkey,
ÔouthKoreaetc.
U Grouppromotionstrategiesofcompetitorcountries
U DroppingpricesofIndianstonesintheInternationalmarket
U ackofmonopolisticandconsortiumapproach