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Introduction
Uveitis : inflammation of uveal tract (iris, ciliay
body & choroid)
It is classified anatomically to
1. Ant.uveitis (iritis)
inflammation of iris accompanied by increased vascular permeability which
allow both protein & WBCs to extravasate into the aqueous.
2 types : granulomatous (Sarcoidosis,Syphilis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada
disease Sympathetic ophthalmi Multiple sclerosis Lyme disease
Tuberculosis.) nongranulomatous.
circulating White cells could be seen in the aqueous humor of Ant.
Chamber using a slit lamp.
Protein which leaked from BV is picked out by its
light scattering properties appear as flare in the beam of slit lamp.
Anterior Uveitis with hypopyon in a patient with IBD
2. Intermediate uveitis
Inflammation of ciliary body (cyclitis),of the
pars plana (pars planitis) and of the vitreous
(vitritis)
3. Posterior uveitis
Inflammation of posterior uvea May also
involve the choroid(choroiditis) or
retina(retinitis)
Panuveitis :its when inflammatory
changes involve the anterior
chamber,vitreous,retina and/or choroid.
Epidemiology
Macular edema
Grading of flare(flare refers to liberated protein from the inflamed
iris or ciliary body which gives the aqueous a particulate, or
smoky, appearance.)
0 Completely absent
1+ Barely present
2+ moderate
3+ marked
Gading4of
+ aqueous
Intense
cells (fibrin)
Masquerade syndromes
Syphilis accounts for less than 1 percent of patients with uveitis in most
large series. It may present in a variety of forms, including posterior
uveitis, such as a chorioretinitis or retinal vasculitis
CMV retinitis(cottage cheese
lesion)
Toxoplasmosis
Infections
Tuberculosis is an uncommon cause of uveitis in North American
referral centers. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis
when the uveitis worsens despite glucocorticoid therapy. Additional
factors that raise suspicion for this diagnosis are active tuberculosis
elsewhere in the body, cachexia, homelessness, a granulomatous
appearance for the ocular inflammation, or immunosuppression. In
some geographic areas such as Saudi Arabia, tuberculosis is
considered a common cause of uveitis.
20-40 %
Male >female
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) may be associated with uveitis, particularly in the subset
of patients with pauciarticular disease and a positive antinuclear antibody. The onset of
uveitis is more common in younger children and, in the majority of patients, can be
asymptomatic. (white eye but wuth signs of uveitis present )
The uveitis associated with JIA is usually bilateral, insidious in onset, chronic in duration,
and anterior. The eye disease is commonly associated with complications such as band
keratopathy, posterior synechiae , cataract formation, and glaucoma. The uveitis
sometimes lasts for decades, long after the joint disease has disappeared.
Behcet
Male,young,bilateral , hypopyon
Immune-mediated systemic
disorders
Inflamed vitreous
70% catarct
cycloplegia
Long acting cycloplegic agents (cyclopentolate ,
hematropine )used to relief pain& photophobia by
medriasis .
Corticosteroids