Greenhouse Effect

Greenhouse
Effect
Form 4
form 4
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Introdu us
ction e

Exer
cises
Introduction

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EXERCISE
1
The Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change

Even slight increases in average global temperatures can have huge

effects. Perhaps the biggest, most obvious effect is thatglaciers
andice caps melt faster than usual. Themelted waterdrains into the
oceans, causingsea levels to rise.

Glaciers and ice caps cover about 10 percent of the worlds

landmasses. They hold about 75 percent of the worlds freshwater. If
all of this ice melted, sea levels would rise by about 70 meters (230
feet). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change states that the
global sea level rose about 1.8 millimeters per year from 1961 to
1993, and 3.1 millimeters per year since 1993.

Rising sea levels couldfloodcoastal cities, displacing millions of

people in low-lying areas such as Bangladesh, the U.S. state of
Florida, and the Netherlands. Millions more people in countries like
Bolivia, Peru, and India depend on glacial meltwater for
drinking,irrigation, andhydroelectric power. Rapid loss of these
glaciers would devastate those countries.
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Greenhouse gas emissions affect more than just temperature.
Another effect involves changes in precipitation, such
asrainandsnow. Over the course of the 20th century, precipitation
increased in eastern parts of North and South America, northern
Europe, and northern and central Asia. However, it has decreased in
parts of Africa, the Mediterranean, and southern Asia.

As climates change, so do the habitats for living things. Animals that

are adapted to a certainclimatemay become threatened. Many
human societies depend on specific crops for food, clothing, and
trade. If the climate of an area changes, the people who live there
may no longer be able to grow the crops they depend on for survival.
Some scientists also worry thattropicaldiseases will expand their
ranges into more temperate regions if the temperatures of those
areas increase.

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1. What is the most obvious effect of
the increase in temperature?

A. Glaciers B. Ice caps

C. Glaciers and D. None of the

ice caps above
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2. What will cause flood?

A. Rising in B. Rising sea

temperature levels

C. Climate D. None of the

change above
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3. What is the effect of greenhouse gas
emissions?

A. Changes in B. Spread of
precipitation disease

C. Traffic D. No internet
congestion connection
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4. What may happen to animals that
are adapted to a certain climate?

A. Mutate B. Hibernate

C. Become
D. Extinct
threatened
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5. What will happen if the temperature
increased?

A. Cars will
B. Sunburn
melt

D. Tropical
B. Hair loss
disease
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EXERCISE 2
Exercise 2
Choose the best answer from the options A, B, C and D.

The "greenhouse effect" is the warming that happens when certain gases in the earth's atmosphere
trap heat. These gases let in light but prevent heat from escaping, like the glass walls of a
greenhouse.
First, sunlight ___1___ onto the earth's surface, where it is absorbed, and then radiates back into the
atmosphere as heat. In the atmosphere, greenhouse gases trap some of ___2___ heat, while the rest
escapes into space. The more greenhouse gases are in the atmosphere, the more heat gets trapped.

Scientists ___3___ about the greenhouse effect since 1824, when Joseph Fourier calculated that the
earth would be much colder if it had no atmosphere. This greenhouse effect is what keeps the earth's
climate ___4___. Without it, the earth's surface would be an average of about 60 degrees Fahrenheit
cooler. In 1895, a Swedish chemist, Svante Arrhenius discovered that humans could enhance the
greenhouse effect by making carbon dioxide a greenhouse gas. This finding kicked ___5___ 100
years of climate research that has given us a better understanding of global warming.

Levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs) have gone up and down over the earth's history, but they ___6
___ fairly constant for the past few thousand years. Global average temperatures have stayed fairly
constant over that time as well, until recently. Through the burning of fossil fuels and other GHG ___7
___, humans are enhancing the greenhouse effect and warming the earth.

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1. (A) shine 5. (A) in
(B) shines (B) of
(C) shone (C) up
(D) shining (D) off

2. (A) this 6. (A) has been

(B) that (B) had been
(C)these (C) have been
(D)those (D) having been

3. (A) have known 7. (A) emissions

(B) had known (B) secretions
(C) has known (C) productions
(D) will know (D) fabrications

4. (A) live
(B) alive
(C) living
(D) livable Menu
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