NON TIDAL ALLUVIAL

RIVER
 Member of Group
Dea Rozan Aqil Pradana 145060401111024
Khairunnisa 145060401111027
Satrio Harganto 145060401111028
Roid Ghozi 145060401111029
Luthfi Inayah 145060401111030
Titih Pawestri145060401111031
Nadia Sari Nastiti 145060401111032
Yulia Amirul Fata 145060401111034
Ni Komang Yuli Sariyanti 145060401111041
Yessy Noviyanti Putri 145060401111044

 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
General

Tides is a process of periodic increase and

decrease in the sea water as a result of the
influence of gravity the moon and sun.
Alluvial is the type of land that formed
because the sediment. Regional precipitate
happening in a river, lake which is located in
lowland, or the basin allow for the sediment.
 Limitation of Problems

What are the characteristics of non-

tidal alluvial river?
How sediment transport on the non-
tidal alluvial river?
How the quality of non-tidal alluvial
river water?
How the water movement of non-
tidal alluvial river?
 The Purpose

From the limitation of problems above we have

some purpose to be reached, in example as follow:
To know what are course the characteristics of
non-tidal alluvial river.
To know sediment transport on the non-tidal
alluvial river.
To know the quality of non-tidal alluvial river
water.
To know the water movement of non-tidal alluvial
river.
 The Benefit

If the goal to above can be good achieved, it

will give you some benefits, among others:
Provide insight about importance of the
characteristics of non-tidal alluvial river.
Provide insight about importance of sediment
transport on the non-tidal alluvial river.
Provide insight about importance of quality of
non-tidal alluvial river water.
Provide insight about importance of water
movement of non-tidal alluvial river.
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
The Characteristics of Non-Tidal
Alluvial River
The channel
Changes in discharge cause changes in water
level in a river channel. At very high discharges a
river channel overflows its bnks on to the
adjacent land. This periodically flooded land is
called the flood plain. Whilst in the upper reaches
the flood plains are usually narrow or even non-
existent, in the lower reaches of a river the flood
plains can be tens of kilometers wide. In areas
with population pressures the flood plains are
usually reduced in width by dikes.
 The catchment area
A catchment can be described in terms
of size, topography, geology,
vegetation cover and surface drainage
pattern. The main characteristic of a
catchment is its area.
 Analysis of the area A as a function of its
mainstream length L is given by Eagleson (1970)
as presented bellow. A further analysis of the
catchment topography includes the shape.
Eagleson intro duces the largest width B of a
catchment and expresses the shape in two ways:

the catchment planform factor

A
m
BL
the catchment aspect ratio

B
a
L
Correlation between catchment area and mainstream
length (after Eagleson,1970)

The dotted line shows the relationship between A and L. It

appears that larger catchments are usually somewhat more
elongated than smaller ones, but there is on the whole a fair
sirnilarity in shape. The sirnilarity of the shape of catchments is
greatest within the same catchment: sub-catchments and main
catchment often have similar characteristics. This is the reason
why the aspect ratios of sub-catchments and ofthe main
 Rainfall-runof
There is a large amount of literature on this subject
because it has proved impossible to describe the process
of rainfall turning into runof in terms of physicallaws
supplemented by areasonabie quantity of physical data of
the catchment area. This is because of the complexity of
river basins.
As mentioned earlier, the rainfall-runof relationship, in
combination with long time-series of rainfall data, can be
used to calculate long time-series of discharge data when
observed discharges (water levels plus rating curve) are
of too short a duration for the solution of a particular
problem.
 Sediment yield
Sediment is partly of mineral and partly of
organic origin. The mineral part originates from
the decomposition of rock.
The total sediment outflow from a catchment
area passing a control station for that catchment
area is called the sediment yield. Sediment yield
expressed in tons or m3 km-2 per annum is also
referred to as sediment production rate or as
specific annual degradation.
 Sediment Transport on the Non-
Tidal Alluvial River
When flow conditions reach the critical stage, the
loose bed material starts moving. While observing
increasing flow velocity on a sand bed in a
laboratory flume, the following picture is seen.
In some cases a free exchange of the bed
material load with the bed is not possible due, for
instance, to the presence of gravel layers. For an
alluvial channel, however, the sediment transport
is generally equal to the transport capacity of the
flow, with a few exceptions if the flow conditions
show relatively abrupt changes in space or time.
The Quality of Non-Tidal Alluvial
River Water
The quality of river water - which is of ten
afected by discharges of untreated or
partially-treated sewage and trade wastes
and other pollutants is generally expressed
in terms of physical and chemical standards
Somekinds of cause the quality:
1. Biology of stream life
2. Sources of pollution
3. Oxygen balance
1. Biology of stream
lifeOf the stream flora, the bacteria form the
smallest group, a!though one of the most
important. The fungi rely on organic matter for
their nutrition just as the bacteria do. The
algae form a diverse group of simple pigment-
bearing plants which are able to manufacture
their own food. Apart from these forms there is
macro vegetation, consisting mainly of mosses
and flowering plants.
2. Sources of pollution
Waste waters come from five primary sources:
- municipal sewage,
- urban runof,
- in dus trial wastewaters,
- agricultura! runof,
- nature.
3. Oxygen balance
The concentration of dissolved oxygen and its
distribution in rivers depends on the balance
between the processes which supply oxygen and
those which consurne oxygen. The most important
supplies are from absorption of atmospheric oxygen
and from photosynthesis; an additional source is
oxygen due to reduction processes such as
denitrification. The major consumption is through the
oxygen demand of the organic material, followed by
the oxygen requirements for the nitrification of all
nitrogen compounds and the benthal oxygen demand
of the sludge deposits on the bottom of the river.
Finally there is the respiration of algae and
zooplankton.
 The Water Movement of Non-
Tidal Alluvial River
The water movement of non tidal alluvial river
are content by:
1. Steady Flow
The dynamics of river flow is influenced basically
by the bottom shear stress.
For sub-critical flow, however, the influence of the
downstream condition does extend upstream.
Therefore the following rule applies: for subcritical
flow the boundary condition should be specified
at the downstream section, for super-critical flow
at the upstream section
2. Non Steady Flow
The discussion of unsteady flow in this section is
limited to long waves, i.e . waves with length much
greater than the depth of water.
The main part of the following discussion is devoted
to flow in channels or rivers, i.e. in one spatial
dimension
It can be concluded that linear models like these ofer
rather restricted possibilities. They have, however,
one important advantage, namely that they can often
be solved analytically, avoiding numerical
computations
 THANK YOU
AND HAS A NICE DAY