Epidural and Spinal

Anesthesia
By: Shahyian Maknajia
Spring Semester 2017
Shahyian Maknajia
Topic: Regional
Anesthesia
Mentor: Christie
Delaune, CRNA
Mentorship Site: Clear
Lake Regional Hospital
Teacher: Mrs. Kristi Click
Mentors Profession:
Certified Registered
Nurse Anesthetist
Independent Study
Mentorship
(Spring 2017)

Disclaimer: *Some information in this presentation

What is Independent
Study Mentorship (ISM)
and What the Course
Requires?
ISM is an advanced academic course designed for students
wishing to mentor an adult professional in a chosen career.
The course requirements are:
Complete an in depth study in an area
Minimum of 3 hours mentorship hours
Complete an ISM Professional Portfolio showcasing
completed assignments and the final project
Complete a mid term project
Create a product and presentation
Christie Delaune,
CRNAs Background and
Training Information
Bachelor of Science in Biology from University of New
Orleans (4 years)
Did Head & Neck Cancer and Lung Immunology
research for 5 years before changing careers
Bachelor of Science in Nursing from University of
Pittsburgh (1 year)
Worked in Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit for 2.5
years in Phoenix, AZ
Masters of Science in Nursing from Kaiser
Permanente School of Anesthesia and California State
Brief Information About
the Mentorship Site
A $92 million patient
tower that includes
155,000-square feet of
operating rooms and
intensive care and
observation units.
Clear Lake Regional
Medical Center, opened
its doors in 1972.
Today, we have
approximately 2,000
staff members and 900
physicians in multiple
specialties.
Anesthesia?
Epidural anesthesiainvolves the
insertion of a hollow needle and a
small, flexible catheter into the
space between the spinal column
and outer membrane of the spinal
cord (epidural space) in the
middle or lower back.
The area where the needle will be
inserted is numbed with a local
anesthetic.
Then the needle is inserted and
removed after the catheter has
passed through it.
The catheter remains in place.
The anesthetic medicine is
injected into the catheter to
numb the body above and below
the point of injection as needed.
The catheter is secured on the
back so it can be used again if
more medicine is needed.
What is Spinal
Anesthesia?
The anesthetic medicine is
injected using a much smaller
needle, directly into the
cerebrospinal fluid that surrounds
the spinal cord.
The area where the needle will be
inserted is first numbed with a
local anesthetic.
Then the needle is guided into the
spinal canal, and the anesthetic is
injected.
This is usually done without the
use of a catheter.
Spinal anesthesia numbs the body
below and sometimes above the
site of the injection.
The person may not be able to
move his or her legs until the
anesthetic wears off.
 Risk
Factors/Complications
of Spinal Anesthesia
Allergic reaction to the
anesthesia used
Bleeding around the
spinal column
Difficulty urinating
Drop in blood pressure
Infection in your spine
Nerve damage
Seizures
Severe headache
 Risk
Factors/Complications
of Epidural Anesthesia
Localized increase
in pain
Anxiety
Sleeplessness
Fever the night of
injection
High blood sugar
Stomach ulcers
Severe arthritis of
the hips
Cataracts
The Different Types of
Nerve Damages Associated
Nerve damage is very
With Anesthesiarare in spinal or
epidural injections.
Nerve damage is
usually temporary.
Permanent nerve
damage resulting in
paralysis (loss of the
use of one or more
limbs) is very rare.
A single nerve or a
group of nerves may
be damaged.
Therefore the area
 Nerve Damages
Associated With
In its mildest
Anesthesia Cont.
form you can get
a small numb
area or an area
of 'pins and
needles' on your
skin.
There may be
areas of your
body that feel
strange and
painful.
Weakness may
In Action at
CLRMC
Equipment in
Trauma Both The OR and
Room Trauma Room
My Product
Need
Things more
I Need to
hours with my
Complete My
Sketch mentor toItem
Tangible
decide what
the tangible
product will be
on.
Need markers
if Im doing a
poster.
Need a video
What I Still Need in
Order to Complete
My Project?
I need to add more informational slides on my
topic.
I need to video tape a person going under spinal
or epidural anesthesia with their permission.
I need to start making my tangible item which
will be a poster on this topic which will have a
good explanation.
I need to complete my website.
Current Event
Summary:
The author warns families that children under the age of 3 should not be allowed to use anesthesia. If Children under the
age of 3 use general anesthesia for long amount of time and they continuously use it can affect the way their brain
develop over a certain period of time. Anesthesia can scramble and mess up a kids brain badly in the future. Negative
impacts can comes from being on anesthesia for too long. Most kids under the age of 3 will not be affected by anesthesia
in a bad way if the surgeries lasts under 2 or 3 hours. Studies show that adults that had a negative impact from
anesthesia in the past as kids will most likely have learning, memory, and behavioral problems. Many pediatricians
recommend not using anesthesia on a child under the age of 3. They recommend the parents to find a different way
because it may cause harm to the childs future at school or even as a grown up adult.
Connection to Essential Question:
The connection between this and my undecided topic on anesthesia is that anesthesia can often have many negative, but
also positive effects on a person after a long surgery. My topic is likely to be about the causes that anesthesia can have on
children, teenagers and even adults. This article talks about how anesthesia is very harmful to a kids brain under the age
of 3. This is one the many things I will be talking about in my presentation later on this semester. This article focuses on
one of the three most important things I will be talking about later on. Another connection to my project is that it gets in
depth on the negative impacts on a childs body. In the article it says that children under the age of 3 will have the
greatest impact on their brain. Not only that they will have many internal problems growing up.
Personal Response:
This article was very explanatory and descriptive because the way most paragraphs were written. I understood and gained
more knowledge on how a kid under the age of 3 can be harmed by anesthesia. I thought there were no side effects from
anesthesia but there is. Especially on the brain and how it can have different effect on it. For example the child in the
future can have behavioral issues, memory problems and even learning problems as he or she grows up. The article was
also very informational because it gave true and genuine facts on anesthesia and its effects. I learned an interesting thing
from anesthesia, which is that it can have pattern of injury to brain cells. It has been said in this article that anesthesia at
a very young age can kills one of the brain nerves that can affect ones ability to process something or even think about
something.
 In Conclusion
Topics that I covered in this presentation were
what is epidural anesthesia, what is spinal
anesthesia, risk factors, complications,
symptoms, and the different nerves damages
resulting from spinal and epidural anesthesia.
Spinal and epidural anesthesia can have both
positive and negative benefits on a person body.
Spinal and epidural anesthesia has many risks
associated with it.
Spinal and epidural can cause many nerve
Valuable to Me, and
What I Have Learned
Overall?
I enjoyed this study because it is very interesting
to me and how the different anesthetic drugs work
differently on different patients.
Being mentored by a CRNA is very valuable to me
because I want to pursue my education into
becoming a CRNA in the future.
I have learned the different anesthetics drugs that
they use, the machines/equipment they use, and
the things they as CRNAs have to write
down/record every 5 minutes.
Attending My
Final
Presentation!!!
Thank you Christie
Delaune, CRNA, Mrs.
Kristi Click, my parents:
Naseem Maknojia, and
Mahedi Maknojiya
Works
Cited/Bibliography
"Anesthesia for Hip and Knee Surgery." . N.p., 2017. Web. 17
Feb. 2017.
"Anesthesia Patient Information." ASFV - Anesthesia Patient Information. N.p., 2013. Web. 17
Feb. 2017.
Dvorsky, George. "Why Anesthesia Is One of the Greatest Medical Mysteries of Our Time."
Io9. Io9.gizmodo.com, 19 June 2014. Web. 17 Feb. 2017.
"Epidural and Spinal Anesthesia - Topic Overview." WebMD. WebMD, 2005. Web. 17 Feb.
2017.
"Physician Search and Online Scheduling." Clear Lake Regional Hospital | Clear Lake
Regional. N.p., 1999. Web. 17 Feb. 2017.
RCoA. "Nerve Damage Associated with a Spinal or Epidural Injection." Nerve Damage
Associated with a Spinal or Epidural Injection | Health | Patient. Patient.info, 02 Dec. 2015.
Web. 17 Feb. 2017.
"Spinal and Epidural Anesthesia." MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. N.p., 7 Feb. 2017. Web.
17 Feb. 2017.
Staehler, MD Richard A. "Epidural Steroid Injections: Risks and Side Effects." Spine-health.
N.p., 1999. Web. 17 Feb. 2017.