A SEMINAR ON SAFETY OF

AUTOMOBILE
By: Mukesh Jalwaniya
 INTRODUCTION
Automobile Industry is undergoing a BIG
TRANSFORMATION never seen before.

Today CARs are not only used for personal

Transport but they are ENCOMPASSED with
Entertainment that vies with the fedility of your HOME
THEATRE
Seating arrangement more comfortable than your
RECLINER
SAFETY FEATURES making your car safer than a TANK
Globally car companies Spend
nearly $36 billon annually for
influencing new TECHNOLOGIES
into their cars.

Some of the big advancement in

Automotive Industry in last
10years have come in a area of
SAFETY.
In addition to Telematics based Services like
Digital Satellite Radio

In car E-mail

GPS systems

Recent Advancement in Braking Technology have

led to
Shorter stopping distance

Increased Control in PANIC situation

More control on CURVED turns

 Air Bags

Whats the main function of the

System?
Material of Airbags?

History
 Actual Working

Airbag Before Collision Airbag After Collision

 Inflation unit

How does it INFLATES ?

 Effectiveness
This system has proven its effectiveness
In frontal crashes reduction in d rivers death reduced by
nearly 14%
Passenger side airbags reducing death by nearly 11%
NHTSA estimated reduction in risk by nearly 85% with the
combination of seat belt and airbags compared than only
seatbelt i.e60%
Car Model Head Injury Risk
Airbag No Airbag
Holden Commodore 28 48
Toyota Camry 20 44
Mitsubishi Magna 6 27
Ford Falcon 14 N. A.

This are some crash results which give the effectiveness of the
system
 Different types of Airbags

DRIVERS SIDE
AIRBAG Curtain Airbags

PASSENGER AIR BAG

 Anti-lock Braking System

Introduction ?

Advancement in the system ?

Working ?
Advancement in the system?
How Does the system Works?
 Working

Conventional Braking
Whole process is controlled by driver applied break
paddle pressure;
ABS Braking
Electric Sensors monitor the wheel speed
ABS microprocessor Compares the wheel speed
Control valve is energized.
Effectiveness

ABS on a test track

Advantages:
Achives the Shortest Stopping distance
Better chance on Steering around obstacle
Reduced risk of skidding

Disadvantages:
Precautions should be taken while
driving
Proved less effective on gravel road or
road compacted by snow
 Traction Control

Next Generation ABS

Uses ABS as a Building block.
Can be is a combination of ABS & Engine
control
Mainly the system has to control
some or all conditions

Retard or Suppress the spark to one or

more cylinders
Retard fuel supply to one or main cylinder

Break one or more wheel

Close the throttle, if the vehicle is fitted by

wire throttle
Electronic Stability Control
 Main components of the system

Active wheel speed sensors;

Steering angle sensor;
Yaw rate sensor
Attached electronic control unit (ECU)
Motor;
Pressure sensor,
Hydraulic unit.
Steering Angle Sensor

Understeering (plowing out)

Oversteering (spinning out)
 Some important ECS definitions

ESC augments vehicle directional stability by

applying and adjusting the vehicle brakes individually
to induce correcting yaw torques to the vehicle.

ESC is a computer-controlled system, which uses a

close-loop algorithm to limit under steer and over steer
of the vehicle when appropriate
Thanking You