AUTOMATIC

TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS
IN MODERN VEHICLES
AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION
An automatic transmission (also called automatic
gearbox, self-shifting gearbox or A/T) is a type of motor
vehicle transmission that can automatically change gear
ratios as the vehicle moves, freeing the driver from
having to shift gears manually.
Manual vs Automatic transmission
Manual
Automatic
Less expensive to purchase
Easier to use
Cheaper to maintain
Easier to use in heavy traffic
Better fuel efficiency
Better for hilly areas
Better control
Greatly reduced risk of
stalling
Types
Hydraulic automatic transmission(AT)
Continuously variable transmission(CVT)
Dual clutch transmission(DCT)
Automated manual transmission(AMT)
Hydraulic automatic
transmission(AT)
 The predominant form of automatic transmission is
hydraulically operated; using a fluid coupling or torque
converter, and a set of planetary gear sets to provide a
range of gear ratios.
Hydraulic automatic transmissions consist of three
major components
Torque converter
Planetary gears train
Hydraulic controls
Torque converter

A type of fluid coupling,

hydraulically connecting
the engine to the
transmission. This takes the
place of a friction clutch in
a manual transmission.It
transmits and decouples
the engine power to the
planetary gears, allowing
the vehicle to come to stop
with the engine still running
Planetary gears train

Consisting of planetary
gear sets as well as
clutches and bands. These
are the mechanical
systems that provide the
various gear ratios,
altering the speed of
rotation of the output shaft
depending on which
planetary gears are locked.
Hydraulic controls

Uses special
transmission fluid
sent under pressure
by an oil pump to
control various
clutches and bands
modifying the speed
of the output
depending on the
cars running
condition.
Remarks
The torque delivery in AT is continuous with respect to
gearshift
Efficiency is less compared to other transmission
mechanisms
Continuously variable
transmission(CVT)
A continuously variable
transmission (CVT) (also
known as a single-speed
transmission, step less
transmission, pulley
transmission is an
automatic transmission
that can change
seamlessly through a
continuous range of
effective gear ratios.
CVT operation
 A belt-driven design offers
approximately 88% efficiency
of manual transmission which
can be offset by lower
production cost and by
enabling the engine to run at
its most efficient speed for a
range of output speeds
Remarks
The torque delivery in CVT is continuous with respect to
gearshift
Efficiency of CVT is higher than AT but less than DCT
and AMT due to frictional losses
Dual clutch transmission(DCT)

A dual-clutch
transmission, (DCT)
(sometimes referred to
as a twin-clutch
transmission or double-
clutch transmission), is
a type of automatic
transmission or
automated automotive
transmission. It uses
two separate clutches
DCT mechanism
Remarks
The torque delivery in DCT is continuous with respect to
gearshift
Efficiency of DCT is higher than AT,CVT
Using DCT there will be notable changes in performance
of the vehicle
Automated manual transmission(AMT)

The Automated Manual

Transmission (AMT)
Semi-Automatic
Transmission is not
essentially an
automatic or a clutch-
less gearbox, but rather
a manual transmission
that facilitates gear
changes without the
need for you to press
the clutch.
A hydraulic
actuator
system and an
electronic
control unit
that engages
and disengages
the clutch while
executing gear
shifts
Remarks
The torque delivery in AMT is not continuous with
respect to gearshift
Efficiency is better than AT and CVT
Undesirable drivability
Hybridized AMT(HAMT)
The mounting concerns
on air quality, climate
degradation and
exhaustion of fossil fuels
leads to the
development of hybrid
cars
HAMT is a hybrid
technology which is
combined with AMT
which improves the
drivability and fuel
Why AMT ?

Low cost
Efficient

High torque
capacity
Methodology

There are torque gaps as well as jerks during the operation

of AMT which reduce the drivability of AMT
HAMT uses a hybrid technology to fill the torque gaps
using motors
Concept

The torque gap during gear shift is compensated with

parallel connected motor torque
Hybrid configurations

HAMT uses parallel

configuration
Pre & Post
transmission parallel
hybrid
Hence advantage of
both pre & post
configuration is
utilized
HAMT concept
Integrates motor, main
clutch and an 8-speed
parallel shaft gearbox
into one unit
Gearbox has 3
connection ports
Arrows shows primary
power flow direction,
reverse direction also
possible
Gearbox layout
Selector arrangement for HEV
mode.
Gear ratio
Hybrid mode operation

Torque flow is
coupled from
motor and engine
EV mode and variable gear ratio
By using gears
vehicle speed and
propulsion force
can be controlled
Gear ratios and selector
combinations in EV mode

Only two among the three gears are used in

EV mode
EV mode operation

Main clutch is
disengaged and
engine torque is
0
4th , 6th and 8th
gears
Engine starting in EV mode

Main clutch
torque capacity
is increased
carefully
Motor torque is
controlled to
compensate
torque loss
during engine
starting
TGF function in HAMT
Phases
Testing
HAMT is not available in any cars today
In order to verify the feasibility of this conceptual HAMT
with potential drivability improvement, the model is
tested using simulation tools
Using vehicle launch test, with 30% pedal
Vehicle starts in EV mode and change to HEV mode
23 upshift is skipped by control strategy. A 24 direct
upshift is commanded
1st tested with TGF off, then TGF is put on and again
tested
Results
Efficiency improvement

Two details are worth-noting during inertia

phase:
(1)Transition mode 3, rather than 1, is
selected in this scenario because slight
clutch torque in this inertia phase can
help to eliminate big speed difference
(introduced by 24 upshift), shorten
gearshift duration and transfer inertia of
engine to vehicle, beneficial for fuel
economy;
(2)Fuel of engine is shut off shortly to
further accelerate speed change of
engine via negative pumping and friction
torque
Conclusions
Different types of automatic transmissions are briefed
The concept of HAMT is described in detail, including gear
layout, concept of TGF, torque path and gear ratio at different
gears
A vehicle launch simulation test under 30% of accelerator
pedal position revealed that this HAMT can eliminate most
torque gaps that has been persistent issue of traditional AMT,
leading to improved drivability and performance.
HAMT successfully demonstrates a new type of transmission
that features high torque capacity, high efficiency and
desirable drivability.
Questions ?