P140 Apps

MiCOM P140 Series
Feeder Management Relays
Speaker name
Speaker title
EAI, Stafford - dd/mm/yy

MiCOM 40 Series design
Building blocks forming a total solution
P940 Frequency Protection Relays
P540 Line Current Differential Relays
P440 Distance Protection Relays
P340 Generator Protection Relays
P240 Motor Management Relays
P140 Feeder Management Relays
3 > Title of presentation - Date - References 3

MiCOM 40 Series
Comprehensive Protection Solutions at all Power System levels:

Generation
Integrated Generator Protection
Transmission
Distance Protection
Line Differential
Distribution
Feeder Management
Loadshedding
Industrial
Motor Management
Interconnection Protection

Features for Flexible Solutions
Configurable
Interface
Dual Rated Programmable
CT Inputs LEDs
Flexible
Communications
Secure Comprehensive
Recording
Programmable
Scheme Logic

MiCOM 40 Series Benefits
Optimised Costs;
High Level of Integration
Increased Plant Availability
Comprehensive Monitoring
Post Fault Analysis Tools
Condition Based Maintenance
Adaptable to evolving systems
Flexibility
Download/monitor port
Minimal Spares Holding

MiCOM 40 Series Benefits
Familiarity; Common Hardware

Menu Access & Navigation
Support Software
Technical Documentation
Reduced Training
Common Protection Settings

Elements; Structure
Product Evolution; New Products

New Communications
Options

Front Panel
Alarm viewer
Menu browser
Fixed
function
LEDs
Programmable
LEDs
Battery
back-up Download/
Monitor port
Local
communications Security seal

P140 Series - Models
P141 Feeder Management Relay
P142 With integral auto-reclose
P143 With integral auto-reclose

and check synchronism

Management or Protection?
Fault
Analysis Tools
Comprehensive
Protection Measurements
Communications
Bay Monitoring
& Control
Self Diagnostics
& Commissioning
Tools

Comprehensive Protection

Protection Needs
Protection
functionality
required is system
dependent
Solid
PR0 PP0 TP0 TR0
Resistive Petersen
coil
TPI
PPI
PRI TRI
B/S

Plain Radial Feeders
Busbar Busbar
CB CB
Time delayed phase overcurrent Breaker failure

51 50BF
Time delayed earth fault Broken conductor detection
51N 46BC
Thermal overload Negative sequence overcurrent
49 46
Auto-reclose (Auto-reclose
79 with sequence co-ordination)

Transformers/Transformer Feeders
Busbar Busbar
HVCB LBCB
REF CT
SBEF CT
Instantaneous phase O/C Time Delayed Standby

50 51SBEF
Earth Fault
Restricted Earth Fault

64

Parallel Feeders
Busbar Busbar
HVCB LVCB
REF CT
SBEF CT
HVCB LVCB
REF CT
SBEF CT
67 Directional phase O/C

67N Directional earth fault

Overcurrent Protection
Fully flexible overcurrent protection

Four independent stages
Choice of directionality (per stage)
Operative for close-up faults
Enhanced flexibility for T
schemes
e.g. Blocked overcurrent
protection
Parallel feeders
0 Current

Overcurrent Protection (2)
IEC Curves
Operating Time (s)
1000 IEC SI
Four independent stages
IEC VI
IEC EI IDMT/DT stage 1 & 2
IEC LTS
100 DT on stages 3 & 4
Each stage:
Non directional
10
Directional forward
Directional reverse
1 Memory polarising
IEC & IEEE IDMT curves
0.1
1 10 100
Current (Multiples of Is)

Overcurrent Protection (3)
IEEE Curves
Operating Time (s)
100 US MI
US VI
Comprehensive setting
US EI ranges
US I
US SI 8% - 400% stages 1 & 2
10 8% - 3200% stages 3 & 4
TMS range: 0.025 to 1.2
Time dial: 0.01 to 100
1 Definite time: 0 to 100s
Phase segregated
contacts/indication
0.1
Per stage starts &
1 10 100 blocking inputs
Current (Multiples of Is)
Adjustable reset time
Application of Two IDMT Curves (1)
Busbar Busbar
CB 1 CB 3
P141 CB 5
1 3
CB 2 CB 4 P142
5
P141
2
4
67 First IDMT Curve I>1 FWD

67 Second IDMT Curve I>2

Application of Two IDMT Curves (2)
Busbar Busbar
CB 1 CB 3
P141 CB 5
1 3
CB 2 CB 4 P142
5
P141
2
4
67 First IDMT Curve I>1 FWD

67 Second IDMT Curve I>2

Overcurrent Protection
Time
Current setting
1/2 Existing practices
3/4 Sensitivity
5 Relay thermal withstand
3/4
DIR
Load current reversal
Time setting
IDMT
Definite time
IFL I3 LV I3 HV

Earth Fault Protection
Standard E/F Standard E/F

Measured Derived
Sensitive
Directional E/F Sensitive
E/F
Directional
E/F Measured Wattmetric E/F
Directional High Impedance

E/F Derived REF
Neutral Voltage Low Impedance

Displacement REF

Earth Fault Application
Frame Leakage
Busbar Busbar Frame
(EF2) a,b,c
SEF
EF1
Frame to
earth Fault
51 Time delayed phase overcurrent

51N Time delayed earth fault (EF2) 64 Frame Leakage (EF1)
51SEF Sensitive earth fault
64 Trf. Restricted E/F
(low impedance
differential)

Earth Fault Application
Frame Leakage
Busbar Busbar Frame
(EF2) a,b,c
SEF
EF1
Frame to
earth Fault
51SEF SEF Pick up + 64 Frame Leakage (EF1) = TRIP
51N Time delayed earth fault (EF2) = BACKUP TRIP

Application DEF
Negative Sequence Polarisation
Busbar Busbar
CB CB
P141
1 3
CB 3 Limb VT CB
P141
2
4
Fault direction is determined

by comparison of the 67N Directional earth fault
Negative Phase Sequence
(NPS) voltage with NPS
current
Application of Residual Overvoltage
Protection (Neutral Displacement)
LV HV Busbar
CB CB
Trip
V A CB
5 Limb VT
VA
59 Residual Overvoltage
(Neutral Displacement)
VC A Phase
VB
to Earth
Fault

Earth Fault Protection (4)
Example Scheme: Benefits
Line CTs for DEF and non-

DEF
Single neutral CT for SBEF
and low Z REF 1000/1A
No external differential
IDMT DEF
connection
IDMT E/F
Different ratios permissible SBEF
200/1A
Low Z REF
Polarising options for DEF
1000/1A High Z REF
Allows 3-limb VTs

Low Impedance REF (1)
Line CTs - Ratio 1000/1
In
No
stabilising
resistor
No non
linear
resistors
IBias = (Highest of IA, IB or IC) + (IN x scaling factor)
Where scaling factor = Neutral CT ratio
Line CT ratio
(= 200 = 0.2 in this case)
1000
IDiff = IA+ IB + IC + (Scaling factor x IN)

I
DIFF
Operate K2
Restrain
K1
I
S1
I S2 I BIAS

Back-Up Protection
Two options available in P14* relays:-

Voltage controlled overcurrent
Relatively simple to set
Requires sufficient voltage dip for initiation
Negative phase sequence overcurrent
Not dependent on voltage dip
Responsive to phase-phase or phase-earth faults
Directional capability
More complex setting calculation

Back-Up Protection (1)
11kV 100A Load

Busbar Load
100A
2MVA 3.3kV
Source 2000A 100A
Load
5%
Fault
P14* Problems:-
P14*
Fault current may be less than rating of
incomer
Grading with generator protection
Grading on interconnected systems
100A
Load

Application Voltage Controlled Overcurrent
Protection (51V)
Busbar Time
CB 2
CB 3
CB 2
CB2
CB2
CB 3
51V Voltage Controlled Overcurrent
Isubstation full load

Application
Negative Sequence Overcurrent
HV LV
I1 + I2 I1 + I2 + I0
CB
I0
Earth
Fault
46 Negative sequence
overcurrent

Circuit Breaker Failure
Backtrip
Two stage
Fast reset
External initiation
Blocking scheme
Retrip
compatible
Trip
BF
INIT
From other device

Overload Protection (1)
Overcurrent protection designed for fault condition

Thermal replica provides better protection for
overload
Current based
Flexible characteristics Time
Single or dual time constant

Reset facility
Non-volatile
Current

Overload Protection of
Oil-Filled ONAN Transformer
Trip time (s) Dual Time Constant

10000
ForSingle
marginal overloads
characteristic:
replica curve
= 120 mins
dominated by long
time constant
1000
Severe
Marginal
For severeoverload
overload
overloads
replica
requirescurve
dominated by short
100 short timeconstant
longconstant
time time constant
Single
10 characteristic:
1 2 3 4 5 6 = 5 mins
Current (multiple of thermal setting)

Voltage Protection (1)
Reasons for voltage deviations:

Regulation problems
Load variation
Fault conditions
Requirements of protection depends upon application:
Line or phase voltage measurement
Operation for all or any phase
Suitable time delays
Alarm/Trip
P14* under/over voltage elements suitable for all
applications

Application
Negative Sequence Overvoltage
Loss of upstream phase supply

Busbar
CB Motor
a
b
c
Block
CB Close
Motor
47 Negative Sequence Overvoltage

Broken Conductor Protection (1)
Majority of system faults are a result of short circuits

Easily detectable
Possibility of open circuit faults exist
Difficult to detect with conventional protection

Broken Conductor Detection (2)
Existing detection methods;

Combination of under/overcurrent logic
Negative phase sequence overcurrent
Consider suitability for all load conditions
P14* uses a ratio technique:

I2 is high for open circuit fault condition
I1
Benefit: Load conditions have minimal effect

Application of Broken
Conductor Protection
CB HV LV
HV LV
BC Broken Conductor
I2 / I1 is high for open circuit Open

fault condition Phase
Benefit: Load conditions have

minimal effect
CT Supervision
A
B
C
Alarms
Blocking
IO
Event
& T record
VO

VT Supervision (1)
A
B
C
I and 2
logic
3 on load
logic Alarms
Event record
on
VTS
Blocking
energisation
logic Adaptive
setting
MCB digital
input

Cold Load Pick-up Logic
Benefits:
Time
No requirement to use
Energisation period
characteristic alternate setting groups
May eliminate need for earth fault
stabilising resistor
Normal load
Security /dependability on
characteristic
energisation
Energisation
current profile Potential applications:
Motor feeders
HV transformer earth fault
protection
Switch On To Fault (SOTF)
Air conditioning
Current
Resistive heating

Blocked Overcurrent Protection
Incomer
Established technique Block high-set
providing: element
Improved fault
clearance times CB fail backtrip
Reduced grading stages

In order to facilitate this
function, P14* provides:
Per stage start signals
Per stage blocking inputs
Supervised field supply
Interaction with CB
failure logic
Feeder 1 Feeder 2 Feeder 3

Selective Overcurrent Logic
Alternative approach to achieve non-cascade

protection
Temporarily increases high-set operation time

Application
Selective Overcurrent Logic
Busbar CB1 CB2 Busbar
SOL
Input Start
Fault
SOL
SOL Selective Overcurrent Logic Highset
CB1
Highset
CB2 CB1
Start
CB2
Ifault
Programmability &
Customerisation

Programmability
Multiple settings groups

&
Assignable inputs,
1 outputs and LEDs
& Programmable scheme

logic

Flexibility using
Programmable Scheme Logic
Relay
Optos contacts
Gate Logic
Protection
& Communication
elements 1
&
Timers
Control
Fixed LEDs
scheme
logic
User programmable scheme logic

Monitoring Circuit
Trip
Circuit breaker
Trip 52a
Trip
coil
Opto
52b
Opto

Ease of Use With
Programmable Scheme Logic (1)
L7 52-A
Opto Signal added and

selected from list

Programming the Relay

Application
Busbar CB Manual CB Close CB Busbar
Status
Phase to Earth
Fault
PSL Programmable Scheme Logic
Manual Close + SEF Pickup = Instantaneous Trip

Application
Timer with Pulse

Opto Signal for CB function added
status added
R1 SEF INST TRIP
L7 52-A PU 1000
&
LED 1 (Unlatched)
ISEF>START
LOGIC Gate added
Internal SEF Pickup Trip mapped to

signal added Contact and LED
Indication

Programming the Relay
80% of overhead line faults are transient or semi-

permanent
Minimising supply interruptions is essential
Trend to total system automation
AUTO RECLOSE AIDS SUPPLY CONTINUITY

Auto-Reclose
Benefits of P142 and P143
Traditionally dedicated, discrete device

Many versions due to differing philosophies and requirements
Benefits of integrating protection and auto-reclose:-
Reduced panel space
Reduced wiring
Reduced cost
Integrated auto-reclose logic needs to be flexible:-
Single and multi-shot
Ability to co-ordinate with other
reclosing equipment
Check synchronising
Variety of operating modes
CB monitoring

Application Auto Reclose (1)
Transient Fault
Busbar CB CB Busbar
Healthy
Auto
Tele- Live Line

control AR in progress
Dead Time
Non Auto
Auto Close
79 Auto-reclose (Auto-reclose AR Lockout
with sequence co-ordination) Successful Close

Application Auto Reclose (2)
Permanent Fault
Busbar CB CB Busbar
Healthy
Auto
Tele- Live Line

control AR in progress
Dead Time
Non Auto
Auto Close
79 Auto-reclose (Auto-reclose AR Lockout
with sequence co-ordination) Successful Close

Fault Locator
16% 3.8 16km 10miles

P140 Series
Comprehensive Feeder Protection
ANSI No Protection And Control Features All Models

50/51/67 Instantaneous / time delayed directional overcurrent
50N/51N/67N Instantaneous / time-delayed directional earth fault
67N Sensitive directional earth fault
67W Wattmetric earth fault
64 Restricted earth fault
51V Voltage controlled overcurrent
46 Negative sequence overcurrent
27 Undervoltage
59 Overvoltage
47 Negative sequence overvoltage
59N Residual overvoltage (neutral displacement)
81 U/O Under / over frequency
49 Thermal overload
Cold load pick-up
Selective overcurrent logic
P140 Series
Comprehensive Feeder Protection
P14*
ANSI No Protection And Control Features
1 2 3
46BC Fault locator
79 CT supervision
79/25 VT supervision
CB control
CB condition monitoring
CB fail
4 Setting groups
Configuration
Broken conductor
4 shot auto-reclose
4 shot auto-reclose with check synch
8 logic inputs and 7 relay outputs
16 logic inputs and 14 relay outputs

Setting the Relay
Highly integrated Protection & Control

solution
Large number of settings
Configuration simplified by:-

Configuration column in menu
Local communication port on relay front plate
Comprehensive support software

The Configuration Column
Default setting restoration

Setting group manipulation
Enabling/disabling Protection & Control
functions
Menu cell visible

P140 Apps

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P140 Apps

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Copyright:

Available Formats

MiCOM P140 Series

Feeder Management Relays

EAI, Stafford - dd/mm/yy

P940 Frequency Protection Relays

P540 Line Current Differential Relays

P440 Distance Protection Relays

P340 Generator Protection Relays

P240 Motor Management Relays

P140 Feeder Management Relays

3 > Title of presentation - Date - References 3

Comprehensive Protection Solutions at all Power System levels:

4 > Title of presentation - Date - References 4

5 > Title of presentation - Date - References 5

6 > Title of presentation - Date - References 6

Familiarity; Common Hardware

Common Protection Settings

Product Evolution; New Products

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P141 Feeder Management Relay

P142 With integral auto-reclose

P143 With integral auto-reclose

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PR0 PP0 TP0 TR0

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Time delayed phase overcurrent Breaker failure

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Instantaneous phase O/C Time Delayed Standby

Restricted Earth Fault

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67 Directional phase O/C

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Fully flexible overcurrent protection

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67 First IDMT Curve I>1 FWD

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67 First IDMT Curve I>1 FWD

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Standard E/F Standard E/F

Directional High Impedance

Neutral Voltage Low Impedance

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Busbar Busbar Frame

51 Time delayed phase overcurrent

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Busbar Busbar Frame

51SEF SEF Pick up + 64 Frame Leakage (EF1) = TRIP

51N Time delayed earth fault (EF2) = BACKUP TRIP

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Fault direction is determined

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Line CTs for DEF and non-

27 > Title of presentation - Date - References 27

Line CTs - Ratio 1000/1

IBias = (Highest of IA, IB or IC) + (IN x scaling factor)

Where scaling factor = Neutral CT ratio

(= 200 = 0.2 in this case)

IDiff = IA+ IB + IC + (Scaling factor x IN)

29 > Title of presentation - Date - References 29