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Module 01

Introduction to Linux

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Exam Objective
1.1 Linux Evolution and Popular Operating Systems

Objective Summary
Learn the history of Linux and Unix
Understand the parts of a Linux system
Start learning about Open Source
Find out where Linux runs

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Evolution of Linux

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
What is Linux?
Linux is the kernel the central
controller
Add some tools to get an operating
system
Shells (enter commands into the
system)
Systems management (add users)
Applications (email, web, development)
Package it up into a Linux
distribution
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Linux History
Invented as a hobby project in 1991
by Linus Torvalds while at the
University of Helsinki in Finland
People began contributing to make it
work on their hardware
The GNU project provided a base set
of tools

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
What is UNIX?
Started in the 1970s at Bell Labs,
adopted by universities
UNIX is now a trademark of the Open
Group
An OS must be certified to be called
UNIX
Linux is not certified so it is UNIX-like

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
What is Linuxs job?
The kernel manages application
processes
Allocates and reclaims memory
Arbitrates access to disk and CPU
Abstracts hardware specific functions
so applications are hardware-
agnostic
Provides security and isolation of
users
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.

Switches between multiple processes


Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Open Source
Humans write software in source
code
Compilers translate source to
machine code
If you have the source, you can make
changes and see how it works
Open Source means you can
inspect and change the source
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Linux Distributions
Kernel + tools + installation +
package management = distribution
Red Hat RHEL
Fedora, CentOS, Scientific Linux
Debian
Ubuntu, many appliance based
distributions

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Linux runs on
Big Iron (e.g. IBM Power Systems)
Enterprise servers (Dell, HP, IBM, etc)
Desktops
Laptops
Single board (Raspberry Pi)
Custom hardware (TiVo)
Embedded devices/Phones (Android)

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Exam Objective
4.1 Choosing an Operating System
Objective Summary
Understanding distribution life cycle
management
Examine operating system differences

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Distribution Life Cycle
Management

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Decision Points
What will the computer do?
What software does it need to run?
Does it need specific hardware or
OS?
Who has to take care of it?
How long does it need to live for?

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Release Cycles
Software and OS upgrades come on a
release cycle
Updates can be major or minor
Examples
A new version of Fedora is released
every 6 months
Minor releases of RHEL come out every
12-18mo
Major releases of RHEL come out every
3-6 years
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Maintenance Cycles
Software generally goes through
phases
Actively developed
Bugfixes only
Security fixes only
No updates
This is the maintenance cycle
A short maintenance cycle means
more frequent upgrades are required
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Pros and Cons of cycles
Faster releases means that newer software
will be available faster
Also means you might have to upgrade
faster to stay current or will get less stable
software
Longer maintenance cycle means you will
be supported at current software levels
longer, needing less frequent upgrades
Longer maintenance cycles often require
paid support packages.
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Software Terms
New features are introduced in beta
versions
Beta is less tested and therefore
stable
After the beta period, software is
promoted to stable.
If you need newer features you will
often be looking at beta software
Backward compatibility means it
still works with older versions
This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Comparing Operating
Systems

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Windows
Split into desktop and server versions
Slow release cycle, long maintenance
cycle
Emphasis on backward compatibility
Runs a GUI
Improving scripting and management
abilities to compete with Linux

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Apple OS X
Runs on Apple hardware
Server version adds packages to the
desktop version to aid in
management and sharing
UNIX certified
New major releases every 18-24
months

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.
Linux
Unique in that after choosing Linux
you must choose a distribution
Different distributions focus on
different use cases, e.g. desktop,
server, scientific, network
Some distributions offer commercial
support, most is volunteer based

This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses.
Copyright Network Development Group 2013.

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