SEMINAR

PRESENTATIO
N ON
CYBERNETICS
BY:
SHASHANK SHEKHAR YADAV
ROLL NO. : 1312240193
ME - 86
 What is Cybernetics?

Cybernetics is a transdisciplinary approach for

exploring regulatory systems their structures,
constraints, and possibilities. Norbert
Wiener defined cybernetics in 1948 as

"the scientific study of control and communication

in the animal and the machine".
 Cybernetics

Cybernetics is the interdisciplinary study of the structure of

regulatory systems.

Cybernetics is closely related to control theory and systems

theory

The term cybernetics stems from the Greek

(kybernts, steersman, governor, pilot, or rudder the same
root as government).
 Cybernetics is preeminent when the system under scrutiny
is a closed loop system.

Cybernetics as the theory of control mechanisms in

technology and nature is founded on the concepts of
information and feedback, but as part of a general theory of
systems.
 Cybernetics Quoted
Cybernetic= the art of governing or the science of
government - A.M. Ampere

The art of steersman ship - W. Ross Ashby

A branch of mathematics dealing with problems of control,

recursiveness, and information - Gregory Bateson

The art of securing efficient operations L. Couffingal

Cybernetics is essentially about circularity Ranulph

Glanville
 History of Cybernetics
The Macy Foundation conferences in New York City 1946-1953

Lack of a 'common terminology' .

Circular Causal and Feedback Mechanisms in Biological ,

Mechanical and Social Systems.

Cybernetics, derived from the Greek Steersman.

Wiener defined cybernetics first.

 Various Areas of Cybernetics
Generic term for many subject matters
In Engineering
In Complexity Science
In Computer Science
In Biology
Organizational Cybernetics
In Psychology
In Mathematics (Operational Research)
Software Cybernetics
 Principles of Cybernetics
The principle of homeostasis

The principle of external completion

The principle of requisite variety

The principle of feedback

The principle of intentionality

 Goal-directed system

1. Sensor (S)
2. Goal (G)
3. Error Detection (E)
4. Effectors (E')

Two Rules:
5. Well-defined procedure
6. Minimized deviation
Feedback an Important
principle of Cybernetic
Artificial Intelligence & Cybernetics
Are both of them same? NO
AI
1. concepts of universal computation
2. challenge of reproducing and/or explaining human
intelligence
Cybernetics
1. concepts of information
2. feedback and control were generalized from
systems of self-reference
 Future Scope
The notions of feedback loops and homeostasis are also essential
to molecular biology and biomedicine.

In the field of Prosthesis, many work to understand and create

artificial limbs to maintain body function after loss of limb.

Biomedical Engineers work to create things like Pacemakers to

keep the heart beating at a healthy pace, Stints to keep blood
vessels open, and so forth.

Psychologists have explored the notion of a mind/machine

interface. They've been able to make a rat move in a directed
fashion with a game controller after hooking up some circuits to its
exposed brain.
 Conclusion

Cybernetic itself is a very vast area

First order Cybernetics
Second order Cybernetics
Third order Cybernetics

FeedbackImportant principle of Cybernetics

Software Cybernetics

It can be considered as an interesting research area.

THANK YOU