Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BSNL
HISTORY
1979-80 Came the first Cellular
Mobile system such as
AMPS ( Advance Mobile Phone Service)
NMT ( Nordic Mobile Telephony )
TACS ( Total Access Communication
System)
These were analog in Nature and
known as First Generation System
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
BSNL
HISTORY
During 1990 many digital mobile
standards were introduced in different
regions/ countries
DAMPS ( Digital Advance Mobile Phone
Service)
GSM ( Global System for Mobile
Communications)
CDMA ( Code Division Multiple Access )
BSNL
HISTORY
For introduction of data transfer
capability on the Mobile ,additional
Hardware was introduced in GSM
systems, known as GPRS ( General
Packet Radio Service ) . These are
being referred as 2.5 G System
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
BSNL
FUTURE
Now a Global Standard IMT-2000
(International Mobile Telecom.-2000)
is proposed which shall encapsulate all
the existing networks and different
access technologies to provide any
time and any where type of
communication in very near future
and known as 3rd Generation standard.
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
BSNL
GSM
As early as 1982, the CEPT
( Confederation of European P&T )
formed a Group called Global system for
Mobile Communications (GSM)
The objective was to develop a binding
mobile radio standard for Europe
GSM is the Pan European digital mobile
telephony Standard specified by the
ETSI and provides a common standard.
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
BSNL
GSM
The GSM Standard is the first
international that gives subscriber
full access to the network of
various operating companies in all
participating countries.
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
Requirements
International Roaming
High Spectral Efficiency
Improved Transmission Quality as
compared to Analog Systems
High Link Integrity
Provision of Tele Services & Bearer
Services
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
Requirements
Economy in both sparsely and
heavily populated areas
Better use of available frequencies
in order to improve the user
capacity of Mobile Communications.
Large selection of interfaces to
other services such as PSTN/ISDN,
PSPDN etc.
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
BSNL
SPECIFICATIONS
Trunked Radio system.
Access Method - TDMA/FDMA
Frequency Bands
BSNL
SPECIFICATIONS
890-915 Mhz
1710-1785 Mhz
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
BSNL
SPECIFICATIONS
Channel Bandwidth 200 Khz
Number of Channels 124 channels
pairs ( 25 Mhz/200 Khz )are
available spaced at 200 Khz
intervals
Due to interference to other
systems, the very first carrier is not
used.
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
GSM - MULTIPLE ACCESS
GSM uses both FDMA & TDMA
BSNL
...
Freq
890.2 890.4 890.6 890.8 891.0 914.8
Mhz.
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
BSNL
Specifications
Therefore the actual frequency of
an ARFCN is
Ful(n)= 890.0 Mhz +(0.2 Mhz)*n
And Fdl(n)= Ful(n) + 45 Mhz
Where n= 1<=n<=124
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
BSNL
FDMA/TDMA
Each channel pair serves eight ( Full Rate ) or
Sixteen channels successively in a Timed Cycle.
In FDMA system each channel requires a
transmitter and receiver
8 Voice channels, staggered in Time are
transmitted via one carrier frequency
Each of the 124 FDMA linked carrier frequency is
used to transmit 8 TDMA voice channels
Discontinuous nature of TDMA makes the entire
200 Khz bandwidth available to all 8 Voice
channels.
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
GSM BSNL
FDMA
BSNL
GSM
TDMA
Amplitude
45 MHz
7 8 7 8
5 6 5 6
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
Frequency
F1 F2 F1 F2
(Cell Rx) (Cell transmit)
BSNL
TDMA/FDMA
1 2
8
34
7
56
6
5
78 4
3
2
1
200 KHz
Time
Frequency
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
FDMA/TDMA BSNL
Scheme
TIM
E
BP2
BP1
BP8
BURST
BP7
BP6
BP5
BP4
BP3
BP2
BP1 FRE
890.2 890.6 891.0 Q
890. 890.4 890.8 891.2 915.8
0 MHz
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
PHYSICAL CHANNELS
BSNL
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 FRAME REPETITION
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
PHYSICAL CHANNELS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
BSNL
BURSTING
Therefore the mobile transmits
only in one time slot and stay idle
for the remaining seven time slots
with its transmitter off.
This periodic switching (ON&OFF)
is called BURSTING ( 216.6
Hz=1/4.615ms)
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
+4
-1
AM Splash
Distb in Ad. TS
and on adj.
Freq.
-6
-
30
- 147
70
bits
10 8 10 542.8 10 8 10
Micro Seconds
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
BSNL
BSNL
BSNL
BSNL
BSNL
1234567891111111111222
0123456789012
TS1 F2 2 9 16 23 30 37 44
TS1 F33 10 17 24 31 38 45
And so on ---------
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
BSNL
BSNL
BSNL
MODULATION METHOD
Modulation Method
GMSK
( Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying )
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
BSNL
GSM ARCHITECTURE
Voice/Data-Circuit BTS
BSC
PSTN BTS
GMSC MSC
BTS
AUC Netowrk
Management BTS
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
BS HLR VLR OM
Um Abis C C
SIM BT
S MSC
ME BS
C PSTN
BT ISDN
EIR AuC PSPDN
S CSPDN
Mobile
Statio Base Station Network
n Subsystem Subsystem
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
BSNL
GSM
PSTN
64 Kbps
MSC
TRAU
BSC 4*16
Kbps
BTS 4*16 Kbps
33.9
Kbps
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
BSNL
Duplex Operations
Frequency Division Duplex
Frequency for uplink and downlink are
different.
Time Division Duplex
The mobile station transmits 3
timeslots latter than the BTS but the
Time slot number stays same as if
both are using the same time slot at
the same time.
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
BSNL
Duplex Operation
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3
BTS Transmits
5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0
MS Transmits
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
Control
In a cell MS can be at different
distances, hence different delay
and diff. Attenuations
Due to above the collisions of
signals from mobiles assigned to
adjacent time slots
Mobiles farthest from the base
station are given a head start.
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
Control
To compensate for the attenuation
over different distances within the
cell, the BTS commands the MS to
use different power levels in such a
way that the power arriving at the
base station receiver is approx
same for each time slot.
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
Control
B
TSn+1
TSn
B
BTS Short Signal Delay
Small signal Attenuation
A
Long signal delay
High signal Attenuation
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
Equalizer Consecut
ive burst
may
1 type in a
overlap
particular
cell
3 57 1 26 1 57 3 8.25
Tail Data bits Stealin Training Stealin Data bits Tail Guard
bit g sequence g bit perio
s bit bit s d
Alway To counter
s Zero multipath
fading Normal burst
Duration 15/26
ms
148 bit=546.12 micro seconds
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
BSNL
Burst
To Sync. With the master freq. Of
system
T Fixed Bit Sequence T GP
3 142 3 8.25
All Zeros
BSNL
Synchronization Burst
Coded Data=Base station Information Code
+Current Trg. Seq.+Shortened TDMA frame No.
0 2047
Superframe = 26 51
multiframes
0 6.12 Seconds 50
0 25
26 Multiframe 51 Multiframe
120 mS Approx 235 mS
0 1 2 24 25 0 1 48 49 50
TDMA frame
4.615 mS
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
BSNL
Logical channels
Traffic Channel :Used for
Transmission of Speech
Full Rate
Half Rate
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
BSNL
Logical channels
Control Channel : Intended to carry
signalling and synchronisation for
network management messages and
channel maintenance task.
Broad Cast Channel BCH
Common Control Channel CCCH
Dedicated Control Channel DCCH
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
BSNL
Broadcast Channel
Transmitted by the BTS and
are intended to provide
sufficient information to the
mobile station for it to
synchronize with the network.
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
BSNL
Broadcast Channel
Broadcast Control Channel
BCCH
Informs the mobile station about
specific parameters it need to
identify the network or to gain
access to the network
( LAC, MNC, Freq. Of neighboring cells
etc.)
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
BSNL
Broadcast Channel
Frequency correction Channel
FCCH
Informs the mobile station about the
frequency reference of the system.
This logical channel is mapped onto
the freq. Correction burst. It appears
on frequency correction burst and
freq. Corr. Burst contains only FCCH.
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
BSNL
Broadcast Channel
Synchronization Channel SCH
Informs the mobile station about
the key it needs to be able to
demodulate the information
coming from the base station.It is
mapped on to synchronization
burst.
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
BSNL
BSNL
BSNL
BSNL
BSNL
BSNL
BSNL
BSNL
DEDICATED MODE
-- When a full Bi -directional P to P CHL
has been allocated during an established call
IDLE MODE
-- When MS is powered on (active)
without being in dedicated mode
ADVANCED LEVEL TELECOM TRAINING CENTRE
OPERATIONAL CONCEPTS
BSNL
IDLE MODE
-- When MS is powered on (active)
without being in dedicated mode
MS stays continuously in touch with BS
Listens to transmissions from BS to intercept
Paging Messages ( for incoming calls)
BSNL
THANK YOU