Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Learning outcomes:
1. Identify the problems that could be
faced by multicellular organisms in
obtaining their cellular requirements
and getting rid of waste product
2. Suggest how these problems are
overcome in multicellular organisms
Group- Discuss- share
Textbook pg 3
Question 1
Textbook pg 4
Question 2
small
mediu lar
Dimension of cube (cm)
m 1x1x1 ge
2x2x2 4x4x4
TSA/V ratio
thick muscle
and elastic
the thick muscle
fibres can contract to
push the blood
along.
The VEIN
Veins carry deoxygenated blood
towards from the heart.
veins have valves
which act to stop
the blood from
going in the
wrong direction.
thin muscle
and elastic body muscles surround the
fibres veins so that when they
contract to move the body,
they also squeeze the
veins and push the blood
The CAPILLARY
Capillaries link Arterioles
with Venus
they exchange
materials between
the blood and other
body cells.
the wall of a
capillary The exchange of
is only one materials between
the blood and the
cell thick body can only occur
through capillaries.
Blood vessels
thick outer
thick inner wall
layer of
muscle and elastic
fibres narrow central
tube (lumen)
ARTERY
thin outer wall
thin inner layer of
muscle and elastic
fibres
wide central tube CAPILLARY
VEIN
(lumen)
Water is an essential
substance that is
needed to serve
many purposes of the
survival of living
plants
Water is continuously
be supplied upwards
from soil to stem and
to leaves.
This movement is
aided by few forces.
Root= epidermal cortex-endodermal-pericycle- vascular bundles
Osmosis
- Difference in water concentration gradient pushes water into
adjacent cells and xylem cells
Root pressure
- Ions continuously secreted into xylem vessel causes osmotic
pressure to increase
- As a results water continuously flows into the xylem and generates
root pressure
- This forces water molecules into the xylem in stem.
Capillary action
-Upwards push in stem helped by
(a) Cohesion water molecules stick to one to another
(b) Adhesion water molecules stick to the wall of xylem
Transpirational
pull is the force
created when
water is
continuously loss
to the air when
the weather is
conducive.
How is this condition
differ from dew?