Electric Machine Basics

Outside part of machine does Central part of

not move, is stationary machine rotates

Is called stator
Is called Rotor

Shaft will
Held stationary rotate within
through vibration some form of
damping bearing.
attachments
 Generator scheme
Conductor,
Replace commutator
Commutator
rotor, rotates
with two solid
Rotate on shaft, rotor with shaft
conducting rings
South
pole shaft

Prime
Vt Mover
+
Prime mover
North rotates shaft
Brushes pole
Fixed to casing,
stator
 AC Generator voltage plot
No commutator so when direction of induced voltage (current)
changes direction the terminal voltage must also change
direction.
The terminal voltage induced is
Terminal an AC waveform
voltage

Vt 2 /4
360 45
/2 3/4 5/4 3/2 7/4
90 135 180 225 270 315 Time in positions
C D E F Not to scale
J A B
C D E F
The frequency of the induced G H I J A B
voltage is equal to the rotation
speed in revolutions per G H I
second.
 Synchronous generator scheme
Conductor,
fixed to stator. Magnetic core to
Magnetic poles provide flux path.
Rotate on shaft, rotor Is on stator

North
pole
Prime
Vt Mover
South
pole
+
Prime mover
rotates shaft

shaft
 Synchronous generator scheme
Conductor, Armature winding Magnetic core to provide
fixed to stator. flux path. Is on stator
Armature current
Magnetic core for
Ia field winding,
rotates with shaft
Field winding
North
pole
Prime
Vt Mover
South
+ Field current pole
Prime mover
+ rotates shaft
If Vf
 Synchronous motor plan view
Armature winding Magnetic core to provide
flux path. Is on stator
Armature current
Magnetic core for
Ia field winding,
rotates with shaft
Field winding
Vt
Prime
Vt Mover
+ Field current
Prime mover
+ rotates shaft
If Vf
 Synchronous machine scheme
Armature winding Magnetic core to provide
flux path. Is on stator
Armature current
Magnetic core for
Ia field winding

Field winding
VT

Zero field
Field current current so rotor
(shaft) will not
rotate
If V voltmeter
 Transformer machine model
Armature winding Magnetic core to
provide flux path.
Is on stator

Rotor winding Magnetic core

VT for field winding

Zero field
current so rotor
(shaft) will not
rotate
voltmeter V
 Induction motor
Armature winding Magnetic core to
provide flux path.
Is on stator

Rotor winding Magnetic core

for field winding
VT

Rotor current
so rotor (shaft)
will rotate

Ammeter A
short-circuit
 Induction motor
Armature winding Magnetic core to
provide flux path.
Is on stator

Rotor winding Magnetic core

for field winding
VT
Short
circuit on
rotor
Rotor current
so rotor (shaft)
will rotate