Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Seed Fresh
Plant Evaluati Marketin
producti producti
breeding on g
on on
PRODUCT
Leafy vegetable
Fruity
Field crop
Flowers
LOCATION
Padang Besar
R&D Centre
Bukit Tangga
Seed Production Park
Terrengganu
Cameron Highland R&D Centre
Research Station
Batu Arang
Development Centre
&
Seed Research Park
F1 vs OP
varieties
Breeding
Terminology
Complete Flower
Incomplete Flower
Self Pollination
Inbred Line
Cross Pollination
OP
F1 Hybrid
Contamination
GMO
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Complete Flower
Has the male (stamen) part and female (pistil) part in same
Pistil----
Stamen--
--
Pistil---- ----
Stamen
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Complete Flower
8
Incomplete Flower
MALE
MALE
FEMALE FEMALE
Cucumber
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Pumpkin
Male
Female
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Corn
Male
Female
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Incomplete Flower
12
Self Pollination
Selfpollination means taking the pollen from the male flower
of a plant and putting it on the female flower of the same
plant
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Inbred Line
14
Inbred Line
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Cross Pollination
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What is OP?
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What is a F1 Hybrid?
F1
Hybrid is created by crossing 2 inbred lines of the
same plant species
F1
Hybrid produce seed when planted will not be like
any of the parents
Pollination is done in a very controlled manner and
requires human intervention.
Pollination is either done by hand, wind or insect
F1 Hybrid seed production will require isolation
Distance and/or timing
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Contamination
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CONTAMINATION
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CONTAMINATION
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What is GMO?
Genetically Modified Organism
All False
F1 hybrids are GMO?
All
OP varieties areFalse
GMO? (Most soybeans in US are GMO)
SO WHAT IS GMO? WHAT DOES IT MEAN?
23
Make Populations
Select for Traits
Test Crosses
Increase Hybrid
Sell
24
Breeding Methods
Mass Selection
Bulk Breeding
Single-seed Descent
Pedigree Breeding
Recurrent Selection
Ear-to-Row Selection
Full-Sib Breeding
Half-sib Selection
Backcross Breeding
25
Factors for Method
Land space
Labor force
Resources
Self Pollinate or Cross Pollinate Crop
Objectives!!!!!
Fast Track Medium Term - Long Term
Single gene or Multiple gene
Highly heritable
Quantitative or Qualitative Trait
Using Biotech or Field only or Combination
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What is Heterosis?
Webster definition:
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Heterosis
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Hybrid
Inbred 2
Inbred 1
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What is Inbreeding?
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Inbreeding or Inbred
Depression
31
4 Groups Inbreeding
Depression
Severe depression and lethal effect
3 or 4 generation ie. Carrots and others
No inbreeding depression
Self-pollinated crops
32
Complete Flower
Objective
Cross purple and green stem select purple stem
white fruit
Emasculate the complete flower
Cross male to emasculated female flower produce F1
F1 and allow to self pollinate (F2 seed)
Make selection of stem color and fruit characteristics
Stabilize traits for 4 8 generations (planting cycles)
Test OP variety
Increase OP variety
Sell
33
Sweet Corn Program
Create High Quality Tropical Sweet Corn
Cross Adaptable Tropical Line with High Quality (Temperate or
other)
Self F1 Hybrid or Backcross to Tropical/Temperate
F2 F5 Self and select for Tropical plant type/Eating Quality
Use ETR, Single Seed Decent, Full Sib, Recurrent Selection, etc.
F5 Self and Testcross to Known Testers (Tropical or
Temperate)
Evaluate hybrids
Advance hybrids to next testing phase
Advance inbred line continuing to stabilize
Increase Hybrid in Production
Sell hybrid seed
34
Finishing Inbred Line
Testcross potential inbred lines at the F4, F5, F6, F7 generation and self
F1 (BC-0)= 50%
F2 (BC-1)= 75%
F3 (BC-2) = 87.5%
Probability that a
F4 (BC-3) = 93.75%
particular will
F5 (BC-4) = 96.875%
eventually be fixed
F6 (BC-5) = 98.4375%
F7 (BC-6) = 98.21875%
F8 (BC-7) = 99.609375%
F9 (BC-8) =
99.8046875%
F10 (BC-9) =
99.9023438% 35
Finished Inbred Line
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F2 Pop
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38
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Breeding Decisions
40
Objective
Produce tropical popcorn variety
Important Traits
Plant adaptability
Popping expansion
Eating quality
Others? (Major or Minor)
Resources
Initial germplasm (good or bad)
Time/space allowance
Equipment
Research articles/colleagues
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