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RESEARCH PROJECT PRESENTATION

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN OBESITY AND EATING PATTERN IN


OFFICE WORKER &
NON-OFFICE WORKER AT MANAGENT & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY
Bachelor in Nutrition (Hons)
(MSU) SHAH ALAM
Department of Health Professionals & Food
Service
Faculty Of Health & Life Sciences
Management And Science University
2013

Prepared By:
Izzat Eskandar Dzulqarnain Bin Mohd
Sharial
012010050343
1
Supervisor
INTRODUCTION

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- Unhealthy diet -> chronic Non-
Communicable
Diseases (NCD) e.g. Obesity
(Malaysia).

NHMS IV (National
- 60% of Malaysian Health and Morbidity
adults were Survey ) 2011, Vol.
pre-obese and obese. 2

- Prevalence of overweight and


obesity (29.4%
and 15.1%) comparable with NHMS
III 2006
report (28.6% and 14.0%)

Health problem that are associated with eating habits are not
new in Malaysia, and there are several contributing factors
related to eating habits which includes gender, socio-
economic status, ethnicity and culture
(Wan Manan et al; 2012) 3
OBJECTIVES
General Objective:
To determine the association between obesity
and eating pattern in both office workers and
non-office workers at Management & Science
University (MSU) Shah Alam.
Specific Objectives:
To assess the Body Mass Index (BMI) and
eating pattern of both office worker and non-
office worker.
To determine the association between body
weight status and eating pattern in both office
worker and non-office worker regarding their
socioeconomic status.
To differentiate the association of body weight
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status and eating pattern in both office worker
HYPOTHESES
Alternative
Null Hypothesis
Hypothesis (HA) =
(H0) =There is no
There is an
association
association
between obesity
between obesity
and eating pattern
and eating pattern
in both office
in both office
worker and non-
worker and non-
office worker at
office worker at
Management &
Management &
Science University
Science University
(MSU) Shah Alam
(MSU) Shah Alam
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RESEARCH PROBLEM

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LITERATURE REVIEW

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OBESITY RELATED TO EATING
PATTERN
SEDENTA
RY JOB
(Jungwee
Park,
2009)

DISCOURAG
POOR ES
EATING PHYSICAL
HABITS OBESI ACTIVITY
(Jungwee TY
(Raine &
Park, Kim D,
2009) 2004)
ENCOURAG
ES
EXCESSIVE
EATING
(Raine &
Kim D,
2004) 8
Prevalence in Gender, Eating
Obesity Pattern & Obesity
- In Malaysia it is - Less personal
higher in women income in men were
29.6% compared to less likely to be obese
men 25.0% rather than women
(NHMS 2011) (Jungwee Park 2009)

Socioeconomic Factor
Educational Level Factor
Lower socioeconomic - In England, adults with
status associated no qualifications have
with larger body size, the highest rates of
for women in medium- obesity
and low-development
(National Obesity
countries (Lindsay M Observatory 2012)
2007)
- Professional
occupations have
lower obesity
prevalence than any
other group
(National Obesity
Observatory 2012) 9
METHODOLOGY

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Sampling Area
Management and Science University Shah Alam
Malaysia

Sampling Technique
Simple Random Sampling
n=200

Study Design
Cross Sectional Study

Study Variable
Independent variable
Participant gender, educational and
socioeconomic status
Dependent variable
Eating pattern & Body Mass Index (BMI)
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Sampling Criteria
Inclusion Criterion
Office or non-office worker
Exclusion Criterion
A body builder or a pregnant women which currently not
taking any pills or medication on losing weight or having
a chronic disease

Instruments
Eating Behavior Pattern Questionnaire (EBPQ) (adapted
from Schulundt DG, PhD. Vanderbilt University School of
Medicine SODA )
Using Body Mass Index(BMI)
Weight & Height = SECA 703

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Data Collection
Data collected from questionnaire consisting of
Part A : Demographic Information
Part B : Socioeconomic Status
Part C : EBPQ
Data collected over a period of 3 months

Data Analysis
Statistical Product and Services Solution (IBM SPSS
Statistics) 21.0
Analyzed using Chi Squared Test (x2) test

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RESULTS & DISCUSSION

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Office Worker Body Mass Index (BMI) Status and Eating Pattern
50.00% It is NOT significant
45.00% between BMI status and
40.00%
eating pattern in both
Comparative with study in Meru,
35.00%
30.00%
office & non-office
worker , p>0.05
25.00%

Klang, Malaysia where a few of the


20.00%
15.00%

eating pattern from the Eating


10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
Low Fat Eating Snacking & Convenience Emotional Eating Planning Ahead Meal Skipping Cultural/Lifestyle Behaviour

Behavior
Non-Office Pattern
Worker Body Questionnaire
Mass Index (BMI) Status and Eating Pattern
14%

12%
(EBPQ) = associated with BMI
10%

8%
status (N.S Zofiran et al., 2011)
6%

4%

2%

0% 15
Low Fat Eating Snacking & Convenience Emotional Eating Planning Ahead Meal Skipping Cultural/Lifestyle Behaviour
Office Worker Body Mass Index (BMI) Status and Socioeconomic status
25.00% It is significant between
BMI and socioeconomic

A proportional study Association of status of office worker ,


20.00%

15.00%
p<0.05

Socioeconomic Status with Obesity


10.00%

concludes that higher educational


5.00%

achievement and higher


0.00%
RM600-RM699 RM1000-RM1999 RM2000-RM2999 RM3000-RM3999 RM4000-RM4999 RM5000 or more

socioeconomic status were associated


Non-Office Worker Body Mass Index (BMI) Status and Socioeconomic status
35.00%

with a lower risk of obesity


30.00%

25.00%
between BMI and in both
It is NOT significant

socioeconomic status of
men and women (Janenon-office
20.00% Wardle
p>0.05
worker ,et al,.
15.00%

10.00%
2002)
5.00%

0.00% 16
RM600-RM699 RM1000-RM1999 RM2000-RM2999 RM3000-RM3999 RM4000-RM4999 RM5000 or more
80.00%
a greater frequency of
Office Worker Eating Pattern and Socioeconomic status
It is significant

dining out are found, between Eating


70.00%

60.00% Pattern and


socioeconomic status
among higher-income
50.00%

40.00% of office worker ,


30.00% p<0.05

groups which might also


20.00%

10.00%

0.00%
related with the inverse
RM600-RM699 RM1000-RM1999 RM2000-RM2999 RM3000-RM3999 RM4000-RM4999 RM5000 or more

Non-Office Worker Eating Pattern and Socioeconomic status


14.00% association between It is NOT significant
between Eating Pattern
income and being
12.00%
and socioeconomic
10.00%
status of non-office

overweight among men.


8.00%

6.00%
worker , p>0.05

4.00%

2.00%
(Kuhle and Veugelers,
0.00%
RM600-RM699
2008)
RM1000-RM1999 RM2000-RM2999 RM3000-RM3999 RM4000-RM4999
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RM5000 or more
Office Worker Body Mass Index (BMI) and Gender

Similar study in Selangor, ItBMIMalaysia


30.00%

25.00%
that
is significant between
status and gender
determine the prevalence of obesity
20.00%
p<0.05
among
of office worker ,

adult women (20-59 years old) are high


15.00%

10.00%

(S. M. Sidik and L. Rampal, 2009)


5.00%

0.00%
Underweight Normal Weight Overweight Obese

Non-Office Worker Body Mass Index (BMI) and Gender


30.00%
It is NOT significant
between BMI status and
A conclusion by a study which also use the
25.00%
gender of non-office
20.00% worker , p>0.05
same Eating Pattern Behaviour Questionnaire
15.00%

(EBPQ) that gender did not have any effect


10.00%

on BMI status. (N.S Zofiran et al., 2011)


5.00%

0.00% 18
Underweight Normal Weight Overweight Obese
Office Worker Eating Pattern and Gender

A similar studies using


18.00%
16.00%
14.00%

Dutch Eating Behaviour


12.00%
10.00%
8.00%

Questionnaire (DEBQ)
6.00%
4.00%

reported that shift duties


2.00%
0.00%
Low Fat Eating Snacking & Convenience Emotional Eating Planning Ahead Meal Skipping Cultural/Lifestyle Behaviour

wereNon-Office
18.00%
positively associated
Worker Eating Pattern and Gender
It is significant between

with abnormal
16.00%

14.00%
Eating Pattern and
eating
gender of both office
worker and non-office
behavior worker
12.00%

10.00% among , p<0.05


female
nurses working in hospitals
8.00%

6.00%

(H.Wong et al., 2010)


4.00%

2.00%

0.00% 19
Low Fat Eating Snacking & Convenience Emotional Eating Planning Ahead Meal Skipping Cultural/Lifestyle Behaviour
CONCLUSION

From the result obtain from this study, it shows that


majority of the findings which is the association
between BMI status and related factors that may
lead to obesity are more prone to office worker.
Thus conclude that obesity might be more related
on the eating pattern and socioeconomic status of
the office worker conversely with non-office worker.

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LIMITATION

The data were obtained


from cross-sectional
study and as the
number of subjects and
the time was limited
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FUTURE STUDY

Further studies in a larger


population, wider scope, longer
time duration and with more
specific categories and test
should be done in the future

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GANTT CHART

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Task
Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July August Sept
Duration 2012 2012 2013 2012 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013 2013

Journal reading
Literature Review
Preparation of
proposal

Develop
questionnaire
Slide presentation

Proposal
submission
Sample collection

Data collection

Data analysis

Thesis writing

Thesis submission

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REFERENCES
1. Hidy Wong, Martin C.S. Wong, Samuel Y.S. Wong, Albert Lee, School of Public Health and Primary
Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong The association between
shift duty and abnormal eating behavior among nurses working in a major hospital: A cross-
sectional study International Journal of Nursing Studies 47 (2010) 10211027

2. Institute for Public Health (IPH) 2011. National Health and Morbidity Survey 2011 (NHMS 2011). Vol.
II: Non-Communicable Diseases; 2011: 188 pages

3. Jane Wardle,Jo Waller, andMartin J. Jarvis. Sex Differences in the Association of Socioeconomic
Status With Obesity. American Journal of Public Health: August 2002, Vol. 92, No. 8, pp. 1299-
1304.doi: 10.2105/AJPH.92.8.1299

4. Kuhle, Stefan and Paul J. Veugelers. 2008. Why does the social gradient in health not apply to
overweight? Health Reports.Vol. 19, no. 4.December.Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-XIE.
p. 7-15. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2008004/ article/10746- eng.pdf (accessed
February 5, 2009).

5. Lindsay McLaren Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary,


Alberta, Canada. Accepted for publication February 20, 2007. Vol. 29, 2007 Socioeconomic Status
and Obesity DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxm001 Advance Access publication May 2, 2007

6. National Obesity Observatory (NOO) (2012) Adult Obesity and Socioeconomic Status(Updated on
September 2012) Retrieved from http://www.noo.org.uk/gsf.php5?f=7539&fv=16966

7. Nur Syuhada Zofiran, M. J., Kartini, I., Siti Sabariah, B., and Ajau, D. (2011) The relationship between
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eating behaviours, body image and BMI status among adolescence age 13 to 17 years in Meru,
8. Park, Jungwee. 2007. Work stress and job performance. Perspectives on Labour
and Income.Vol. 8, no. 12.December.Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 75-001-XIE.
p. 5-17. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/75-001-x/2007112/ article/1046-eng.pdf
(accessed February 5, 2009).

9. Raine, Kim D. 2004. Overweight and Obesity in Canada: A Population Health


Perspective. Canadian Population Health Initiative. Canadian Institute for Health
Information. Ottawa. 81 p. h t t p : / / s e c u r e .c i h i . c a / c i h i w e b / p r o d u
c t s /CPHIOverweightandObesityAugust2004_e.pdf (accessed February 10, 2009).

10.S. M. Sidik and L. Rampal, The prevalence and factors associated with obesity
among adult women in Selangor, Malaysia,Asia Pacific Family Medicine, vol. 8,
no. 1, pp. 16, 2009.

11.Schlundt, D.G., M.K. Hargreaves and M.S. Buchowski, 2003.The eating behavior
patterns questionnaire predicts dietary fat intake in African American women. J.
Am. Dietetic Assoc., 103: 338-345.

12.Wan Abdul Manan WM, Nur Firdaus I, Safiah MY, Siti Haslinda MD, Poh BK, Norimah
AK, Azmi MY, Tahir A, Mirnalini K, Zalilah MS, Fatimah S, Siti Norazlin MN &Fasiah W
Mal J Nutr_18(2):221 230, 2012 Meal Patterns of Malaysian Adults: Findings from
the Malaysian Adults Nutrition Survey (MANS)

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APPENDIX

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THANK YOU

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