Long Term

Evolution

Kelompok 1

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Outline
Background

Definition

Architecture

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Background
Menjamin kontinuitas dari persaingan sistem 3G

Meningkatnya permintaan data rate yang lebih tinggi dan QoS

Pengurangan biaya (CAPEX & OPEX)

Kompleksitas yang rendah

Optimalisasi penggunaan packet switch

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Definition
A standard for high-speed wireless communication for mobile phones and
data terminals, based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA technologies

Developed by the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) and is specified in

its Release 8 document series, with minor enhancements described in
Release 9.

Increases the capacity and speed using a different radio interface together with
core network improvements.

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Specification Overview
Downlink peak rates: 300 Mbit/s

Uplink peak rates: 75 Mbit/s

QoS provisions permitting a transfer latency of less than 5 ms in the radio

access network.

Has the ability to manage fast-moving mobiles and supports multi-cast and
broadcast streams

Supports both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time-division duplexing

(TDD)

Frequency band: 800, 1800, and 2600 MHz (in Asia)

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Advantages
LTE network uses all IP network architecture. Due to this fact, it is dedicated for packet switched operations. It
supports data as well voice. The voice can be transported using voice over LTE protocols (i.e. VOIP) and
fall-back to legacy networks (i.e. 2G/3G).

As LTE supports MIMO, higher data rate can be achieved.

LTE uses SC-FDMA in the uplink and hence mobile terminals can have low power during transmissions and
hence battery life can be enhanced on user side.

As LTE downloads the files faster, connection with network gets released faster for each connection. This will
decrease traffic load on the LTE network.

LTE uses OFDMA in the downlink, it utilizes channel resources effectively. This increases total user capacity of
the LTE network as different users utilize different channels to access the system.

It does not take much time for user to open the browser and download high bandwdith movie. This increases
user experience to a great extent. This is due to the fact that latency is very low in LTE.

Due to improved architecture, handoff is smooth from one region to the other. This results into smooth data 6
Disadvantages
The existing mobile phones can not be used to access LTE network features. The user need to have mobile
phone which supports LTE functionality. This will incur cost to the user to avail the LTE service.

LTE network is completely new network which requires installation of equipments and antennas to make it
operational.

As LTE service has been recently started, it takes time to get stabilize and have LTE signal available
everywhere. At the moment, the service is available in some of the regions or cities. The problem can be
avoided by having multimode supported mobile phone, So that user can make use of other networks such
as 2G, 3G in case 4G signal is not available.

LTE system is complex and hence requires skilled engineers to maintain and manage the system. They need to
be paid higher salaries in order to retain them.

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Network Architecture
The User Equipment

(UE).

The Evolved UMTS

Terrestrial Radio

Access Network (E-

UTRAN).

The Evolved Packet

Core (EPC).
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User Equipment (UE)
3 important modules:

Mobile Termination (MT) : This handles all the communication functions.

Terminal Equipment (TE) : This terminates the data streams.

Universal Integrated Circuit Card (UICC) : This is also known as the SIM card

for LTE equipments. It runs an application known as the Universal Subscriber

Identity Module (USIM).

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E-UTRAN (Access Network)

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E-UTRAN
E-UTRAN handles the radio communications between the mobile and the
evolved packet core and just has one component, the evolved base stations,
called eNodeB or eNB

Each eNB is a base station that controls the mobiles in one or more cells. The
base station that is communicating with a mobile is known as its serving eNB.

LTE communicates with just one base station and one cell at a time

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Evolved Packet Core (Core Network)

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Evolved Packet Core
The Home Subscriber Server (HSS): has been The mobility management entity (MME) controls the

carried forward from UMTS and GSM and is a high-level operation of the mobile by means of

central database that contains information about signalling messages and Home Subscriber

all the network operator's subscribers. Server (HSS).

The Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway (P-GW) The Policy Control and Charging Rules Function

communicates with the outside world ie. packet (PCRF) is a component which is not shown in

data networks PDN, using SGi interface. Each the above diagram but it is responsible for policy

packet data network is identified by an access control decision-making, as well as for

point name (APN). controlling the flow-based charging

functionalities in the Policy Control Enforcement

The serving gateway (S-GW) acts as a router, and
Function (PCEF), which resides in the P-GW.
forwards data between the base station and the 13
Reference:
http://www.3gpp.org/technologies/keywords-acronyms/98-lte
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/lte/lte_network_architecture.htm
http://www.rfwireless-world.com/Terminology/Advantages-and-
Disadvantages-of-LTE.html

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Terima Kasih

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