PROMOSI

KESEHATAN
UWK-FK-Sem5a-
RST-2013

1 PromKes-FK-2013
1
 TEORI H.L. BLUM
2

GE
NE
TIK

LINGKUNGA STATU
N S
FISIK & KESE YAN.
SOSIAL HATA KESEHATAN
N

PERI
LAKU
PromKes-FK-2013
 PERILAKU---B
4

(BEHAVIOUR)
PERILAKU: METODE PENDIDIKAN:

Bloom (1908), Tiga (3) K : C.T.J, diskusi (SGD,

domain perilaku: FGD), Tugas baca-
B = f (K.A.P) seminar, CBT.
K = KNOWLEDGE
A: simulasi, role play
A = ATTITUDE
P: Pelatihan, demonstra
P = PRACTICE si, praktikum, Lab
skill: ( manekin,
3 H : HEAD, HEART, komputer).
HAND K-A-P-SKILL: lab - skill
PromKes-FK-2013
 SIKAP -ATTITUDE
6

BEHAVIOUR : Covert & Overt

SIKAP: Merupakan reaksi atau respons

yang masih tertutup dari seseorang terhadap

suatu stimulus atau obyek covert
behaviour tapi Dpt dideteksi!
SORC Theory:

S : Stimuli * R : Response
O : Organism * C : Consequencies
PromKes-FK-2013
 SIKAP -ATTITUDE
7

Allport (1954) ada 3 komponen pokok:

Cognitive: Konsep, belief /kepercayaan
terhadap obyek
Affective: Kehidupan emosional / evaluasi
afektif - thd obyek, perasaan, feelings.
Psychomotor: Kecenderungan untuk
bertindak : niat Behavior intention.
PromKes-FK-2013
 BEHAVIOUR: Overt &
8 covert
Knowledge : Attitudes:
Covert Behavior Covert Behavior

Six / 6 levels Three/3 elemen

(Bloom, 1956 & (Allport, 1954):

2001). Cognitive
Affective
Conative /
Practice /Skill: Pstchomotor
Overt Behavior
PromKes-FK-2013
 BEBERAPA TEORI
perobahan PERILAKU :
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1. - COGNITIVE DISSONANCE
2. - Tiga Cara perobahan perilaku dari KELMAN
3. - DIFUSI suatu INOVASI
4. - Cross Cultural Communication
1. a. A-I-E-T-A
2. b. K-P-D-I-C.
5. - PRECEDE-PROCEED: LAWRENCE W. GREEN
6. - SNEHANDU B. KAR
7. - WHO EXPERT COMMITTEE
8. - Health Beliefs Model (HBM).
PromKes-FK-2013
 1.COGNITIVE DISSONANCE
(Leon Festinger)
10

COGNITIVE DISSONANCE:
Suatu gangguan KESEIMBANAGAN

KEMANTAPAN PEMAHAMAN/PENGERTIAN
yang sudah dimiliki seseorang
Adanya PERBEDAAN PENGERTIAN lama

& baru
Terjadi kalau seseorang menghadapi /

terpapar sesuatu yang baru: PERATURAN

baru, pengalaman, situasi, lingkungan
Fisik
PromKes-FK-2013
 2.Tiga Cara perobahan
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perilaku dari KELMAN
1. Karena terpaksa (compliance -patuh), akibat:
a) Menerima imbalan materi / non materi: penghargaan
b) Memperoleh pengakuan kelompoknya
c) Terhindar dari hukuman : Melanggar aturan LaLin.
2. Karena ingin meniru / ingin dipersamakan
(Identification): spt selebriti .sering pada anak
3. Karena menyadari manfaatnya
(Internalization): Perobahan benar-2 mendasar
dan lestari.!!
PromKes-FK-2013
 3. DIFUSI suatu INOVASI
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adalah komunikasi dari suatu inovasi.

HE/HP : adalah ajakan menerima inovasi

Ada 4 unsur pokok dalam proses difusi suatu

inovasi:
1. Karakteristik Inovasinya sendiri
2. Cara komunikasi dan saluran komunikasi yang
dipakai (communicator & Channel!!!)
3. Waktu tertentu yang diperlukan
4. Individu sebagai anggota sistem sosial .
PromKes-FK-2013
 Unsur KOMUNIKASI
13

SALURA
PESAN N
.
Komunika Verbal Personal
tor Non Verbal Impersonal
Komunikan

Alat Peraga/AVA
INOVASI -VISUAL
-AUDIO
-AUDIO-VISUAL
PromKes-FK-2013
 Karakteristik Inovasi :
14

1. BERMANFAAT RELATIVE ADVANTAGE

2. KESESUAIAN thd SIKON setempat/ tidak
INCOMPATIBILITY
3. KEMUNGKINAN DAPAT DI COBA dulu
TRIALABILITY.
4. DAPAT DILIHAT HASILNYA SECARA NYATA
..OBSERVABILITY.
5. TERLALU RUMIT / SULIT untuk
DIKERJAKAN COMPLEXITY.
PromKes-FK-2013
 Cara komunikasi dan saluran
15 komunikasi yang dipakai
KOMUNIKASI MASSA/IMPERSONAL,
audio-visual (TV, radio, film), atau visual-print
( koran, majalah)
KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL,.individu/

perorangan atau group/kelompok.

SEMUA ANGGOTA sistem sosial,
berperan sesuai struktur sosialnya-Toma,
opinion leader/s., Traditional healers
SIAPA KOMUNIKATOR!

PromKes-FK-2013
 WAKTU yang dipakai:
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a) Waktu yang diperlukan mulai awareness,

adoption atau rejection?
b) CEPAT / LAMBATNYA MENERIMA

INOVASI:
c) KECEPATAN PENERIMAAN INOVASI

TERGANTUNG:
a) JENIS SALURAN KOMUNIKASI
b) INTENSITAS USAHA komunikator
INOVASI
PromKes-FK-2013
 Gol. PENERIMA INOVASI menurut
KECEPATAN MENERIMA INOVASI
(ADOPTERS CATEGORIES)
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1. Golongan PELOPOR (INOVATORS): 2,5%

2. Golongan PENGETRAP DINI ( EARLY
ADOPTERS): 13,5% leaders (formal &
informal)
3. Golongan PENGETRAP AWAL (EARLY
MAJORITY): 34%....good liason persons
4. Golongan PENGETRAP AKHIR ( LATE
MAJORITY): 34% menerima karena tekanan
5. Golongan PENOLAK (LAGGARDS=
traditional): 16%:..pendidikan rendah kurang
gaul
PromKes-FK-2013
 4. CROSS CULTURAL
COMMUNICATION
PromKe
s-FK-
2013

STAGES in the
Adoption of INNOVATION-DECISION
Innovation PROCESS (Rogers et al,
1983):
Stages (Rogers et 1. K NOWLEDGE
al, 1971) 2. P ERSUASION
A WARENESS 3. D ECISION: Adoption
I Rejection
NTEREST
4. I MPLEMENTION
E VALUATION 5. C ONFIRMATION:
T RIAL Continued Adoption/
Later Adoption
A DOPTION Discontinuance/
Continued Rejection
K-P-D-I-C
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 5.TAHAPAN PROSES ADOPSI - A-I-E-
T-A
(Rogers 1971)
SUMBER KOMUNIKASI

KOMUNIKASI
MASSA
KOMUNIKASI KOMUNIKASI
MASSA YG KELOMPOK &
DIULANG-ULANG PERORANGAN

AWARENESS INTEREST EVALUATION TRIAL ADOPTION

(SEKEDAR (TERTARIK) (MENILAI) (MENCOBA) (MENERIMA)
19
TAHU)
PromKes-FK-2013
 6.TAHAPAN PROSES INNOVATION-
DECISION PromKes-FK-2013

K-P-D-I-C (Rogers et al.,1983)

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SOURCE of
COMMUNICATION

KNOWLWE PERSUASI DECISIO

DGE ON N
1.Sikap thd.
- RELATIVE
ADVANTAGE ?
perobahan
Apakah - OBSERVABILIT
1.Adopti
2.Apa
pergaul
masyarakat Y ? on
nya modern - TRIALABILITY
an luas?
Atau ? 2.Reject
tradisional - INCOMPATIBILI ion
TY ?
- COMPLEXITY ?
lanjutan
PromKes-FK-2013

TAHAPAN PROSES INNOVATION-

DECISION
SOURCE of COMMUNICATION

DECISIO IMPLEMENTATION
CONFIRMATIO
N N

Continued
Adoption Adoption
Later Adoption
Discontinuance
Rejection Continued
21 Rejection
 7.TEORI LAWRENCE W.
22 GREEN
KESEHATAN MANUSIA DIPENGARUHI:
FAKTOR PERILAKU (BEHAVIOR CAUSES -B)
FAKTOR NON PERILAKU (NON BEHAVIORAL
CAUSES) LINGKUNGAN (ENVIRONMENT)

B = f ( P, E, R)
FAKTOR PERILAKU (BEHAVIOR CAUSES), tdd:
1.P: Predisposing factors (Faktor predisposisi):
pengetahuan, sikap, kepercayaan, keyakinan,
nilai, norma dsb.
PromKes-FK-2013
 8.TEORI WHO EXPERT
24 COMMITTEE
B = f ( TF, RP, R, C)
TF : Thought & Feeling ( Pemikiran,
perasaan): pengetahuan, persepsi, sikap,
kepercayaan, penilaian.
RP : Reference Person : orang panutan

R : resources: sarana prasarana, fasilitas

C: culture : budaya: Karsa, Karya. Cipta

PromKes-FK-2013
 9.TEORI SNEHANDU B.
25 KAR
B = f (BI, SS, AI, PA, AS)
BI: BEHAVIOR INTENTION (NIAT)
SS: SOCIAL SUPPORT(DUKUNGAN
SOSIAL)
AI: ACCESSABILITY OF INFORMATION

(AKSESIBILITAS terhadap INFORMASI)

PA: PERSONAL AUTONOMY (OTONOMI

PRIBADI)
AI: ACTION SITUATION (SITUASI saat itu)

PromKes-FK-2013
 THE HEALTH BELIEF MODEL,
COMPONENTS & LINKAGES (Dignan,1992)
26

INDIV.PERCEPTION Modifying factors Likelihood to action

Age, sex, ethnicity Perceived benefits

Personality Minus
Socioeconomics Perceived barriers
Knowledge to behavior change
Perceived
Susceptibility/ Perceived threat of
Severity of disease
disease Likelihood of
Behavior change
Cues to action:
-Education
-Symptoms, illness
-Media information

EpidPeril-Teori ABC-07
KEY CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS OF
HBM (Dignan,1992)
EpidPeril-
Teori
ABC-07

Perceived susceptibility: Perceived benefits:

ones opinion of chances
of getting a condition
Perceived severity: ones
opinion of how serious a
condition and its
sequelae are
Perceived barriers: ones
opinion of tangible &
psychological costs of
advised action
ones opinion of the
efficacy of the advised
action to reduce risk or
seriousness of impact.
Cues to action:
Strategies to
activate ones
readiness
Self-efficacy: Ones
confidence in ones
ability to take action
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 Daftar pustaka
28

1. DIGNAN, Mark B, Patricia A.Carr, 1992. PROGRAM

PLANNING FOR HEALTH EDUCATION AND
PROMOTION, 2nd ed.Lea & Febiger, USA.
2. GLANZ, KAREN, FRANCES MARCUS LEWIS,
BARBARA K.RIMER editors,1997. HEALTH BEHAVIOR
& HEALTH EDUCATION. Theory, Research, and
Practice, 2nd ed. Jossey-Bass Publishers, San
franscisco
3. Graeff,Judith A, John P. Elder, and Elizabeth Mills
Booth, 1993. COMMUNICATION FOR HEALTH AND
BEHAVIOR CHANGE. A Developing Country
Perspective. A Publication of the healthcom Project,
Academy for Educational Development. Funded by
U.S.Agency for International Development
EpidPeril-Teori ABC-07