Topic: B2b

Lesson: 2
Title: Enzymes and digestion
Aims: Explain how enzymes are
involved in digestion

Starter: Write down everything you

can remember from key stage 3
about digestion, eg. what it is; where
it takes place...
What is digestion?
Breaking down large, insoluble
molecules into smaller, soluble
molecules that can be absorbed
through the wall of the small intestine
What breaks down the large molecules?
Digestive enzymes made by
specialised cells inside glands
 The enzymes involved...
Carbohydrates Simple sugars

Proteins Amino acids

Lipids (fats) Fatty acids + glycerol

Digestion animation (First 5 mins 15
secs)

Listen carefully and make notes in

your book. You will be quizzed after
the animation so listen!
 Mini test on digestive
enzymes...
1. Where are the following digested:
a) Carbohydrates mouth and small intestine
b) Proteins stomach and small intestine
c) Fats small intestine
2. What are the following broken down into by
digestive enzymes?
a) Carbohydrates simple sugars
b) Proteins amino acids
c) Fats fatty acids + glycerol
3. Where are most enzymes produced?
Pancreas
Why do you think there is acid
in the stomach?
Kills bacteria in food protects us
Denatures proteins makes digestion easier
Activates stomach enzymes these only
work in acidic conditions

Ever wondered why PEPSIN (stomach

enzyme) doesnt digest our own stomach?
Pepsin is inactive when first made and is
only activated by HCL to start digesting
proteins.
 What does bile do?
Bile is produced in the liver and stored
in the gall bladder.
The enzymes in the small intestine
need an alkaline pH to work best, so
bile passes into the small intestine and
neutralises acid from the stomach.
Bile also emulsifies fat droplets to
increase their surface area
 How are villi in the small
intestine adapted to absorb
food?
 How are villi specialised to carry out
their job of absorbing digested foods?
 Answers
Millions provide large surface area
Each villus has many microvilli to further
increase surface area
Rich blood supply for absorbed nutrients
to pass into and be taken around body
Branch of lymphatic system takes
absorbed fatty acids and glycerol away
to be used or stored
Villi wall one cell thick for rapid passing
through of nutrients
 Digestive system summary
Salivary glands
produce ________
Liver produces ______
Stomach produces
________ + ________
Gall bladder stores
________
Pancreas and small
intestine both
produce ________,
________, and ________
 Why do people have their
stomachs stapled?
stomach band
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