PUMP CHARACTERISTICS BASED

OPTIMAL DEWATERING OF AQUIFERS

USING RESPONSE MATRIX APPROACH

Advisory committee: Presented by:

Dr. P. S. Mahar (Chairman & Advisor) Mohammad Qasimuddin
Dr. R. P. Singh (Member) Id No. 49594
M.Tech (Hydraulics Engg.)
Dr. Sandeep Gupta (Member)
GBPUAT, Pantnagar
 CONTENTS
Introduction

Review of literature

Materials and methods

Results and discussion

Summary and conclusion

Literature citied
 INTRODUCTION
Water
Ground water
Artesian well
Flowing artesian well

About 10% of rural and urban population of India do not

have access to regular safe drinking water and near coastal
areas due to over extraction of water, ground water has
become more saline and unsuitable for drinking and
irrigation purpose.
 Geographic Information System (GIS)
A geographic information system (GIS) could be a system for
capturing, storing, checking, and displaying knowledge
associated with positions on earths surface.

Establishment of the appropriate range of points with geo-

referenced coordinates elaborate location of wells, as well as
groundwater quality results and developing a water quality
information base incorporating GIS techniques, are helpful to link
groundwater quality studies.
 OBJECTIVES
To analyse physico-chemical groundwater quality of flowing
artesian wells during the winter season and summer season.

To assess the suitability of flowing artesian wells water quality

for drinking purpose.

To generate flowing wells water quality map for Pantnagar

university using GIS.

Statistical analysis and mathematical modelling of flowing

artesian wells water quality parameters.
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Khawaja And Aggarwal (2014)

 Description of Study Area
Latitude 29N, Longitude 79E and Elevation 243.8 m MSL

Location of flowing artesian wells (30 numbers) at Pantnagar

 Material and method

Software: ArcGIS 10.2.2

IBM SPSS statistics 22

GPS

Water testing by American Public Health

Association (APHA), 1989 standard.

BIS (IS 10500:2012)

 Methodology
Map of study area Identification of
Pantnagar Flowing artesian wells
Water Sources

Georeferencing Collection of coordinates of

Water Sources using GPS

Layer Generation
 Layer Generation

Collection of Grab
samples and their
testing
Generate of maps for selected
quality parameters

Spatio-temporal distribution
map of flowing artesian wells

Flow chart showing methodology

 Flowing Ground level
Sample Longitude Latitude
artesian well above MSL
location No. (degrees) (degrees)
location (meter)
1 CRC 1st 79.4874 29.0185 199.34
2 CRC 2nd 79.4858 29.0143 227.08
3 CRC 3rd 79.487 29.0119 229.51
4 CRC 4th 79.4913 29.0083 222.81
5 Ta Colony 1st 79.4964 29.0281 206.96
6 Ta Colony 2nd 79.4961 29.0292 211.23
7 Golden Jubilee 79.491 29.0256 195.38
8 Beni pump 79.5051 29.0184 231.34
9 Lichi orchard 79.5068 29.0267 210.31
10 Field 79.5034 29.0305 211.84
11 Double Storey 79.5117 29.0138 229.21
Lambert
12 79.4724 29.0239 219.15
square
13 Block D 1 Farm 79.4598 29.0197 204.22
14 Block D 2 79.4525 29.0163 204.52
15 S Block 1 79.5031 28.9978 195.38
16 S Block 2 79.503 28.9936 215.19
17 S Block 3 79.5014 29.0047 229.82
18 I Block 1 79.4967 29.0018 235
19 I Block 2 79.4975 29.0013 206.65
20 Haldi 1st 79.4438 29.0347 205.13
21 Haldi 2nd 79.4391 29.0239 212.14
22 Haldi 3rd 79.4376 29.02535 206.05
23 Haldi 4th 79.441 29.0348 231.65
24 Haldi 5th 79.4448 29.0001 221.59
25 Patharchatta 79.4146 29.0289 208.18
26 Kisak Bhawan 79.4979 29.0214 213.36
27 P Block 79.4753 29.0096 204.83
28 H Block 79.4513 29.0232 203
29 T Block 79.4965 29.0086 202.39
30 Q Block 79.4913 29.0046 200.86
Study area map using ArcGIS 10.2.2
 Parameters

pH Acidity

Electric conductivity Alkalinity

Bi-carbonate
Total dissolved solids
Chloride
Total hardness
Fluoride
Calcium hardness Nitrate

Mg hardness Carbon di-oxide

Sulphate
Sodium

Potassium
 WATER QUALITY INDEX(WQI)

For Assessment of flowing artesian well water quality,

water quality index(WQI) method is used.

Ci - is the measured concentration for ith parameter which

is estimated value

Cid - is the ideal concentration / value for ith parameter

Cs - is the standard concentration for ith parameter

recommended by Standards i.e. same as Si

Note * ideal value for all parameters is zero expect pH
whose ideal value =7
 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Correlation Coefficient

x and y represents two different water quality parameters

n= number of data points/number of groundwater samples
Multi-linear regression

Vd 0 1Vi1 ..... nVin

0 Constant

i Regression coefficient of constant

Dependent Variable
Vd
Independent Variable
Vi
 SPATIO-TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION
MAPS (SDM)
SDM for specific water quality parameters have been utilized to
calculate the areal extent of water quality deterioration in the
study area.

The spatial and non-spatial databases formed are integrated for

the generation of SDM of the water quality parameters.

For generating the interpolation maps, inverse distance weighted

(IDW) approach in GIS has been used to delineate the spatial
distribution of groundwater pollutants.
 RESULTS

AS
 RESULTS
Drinking water quality standard (IS 10500:2012)
S. No. Parameters
Desirable limits (mg/l) Permissible limits (mg/l)
1 pH 6.5 - 8.5 No relaxation
2 EC 600* -
3 TDS 500 2000
4 TH 200 600
5 Ca++ 75 200
6 Mg++ 30 100
7 Na+ 200* -
8 K+ 12** -
9 Alkalinity 200 600
10 HCO3- 200 600
11 Cl- 250 1000
12 F- 1 1.5
13 NO3- 45 No relaxation
14 SO4-- 200 400
* WHO guidelines for drinking water quality 1993, ** European commission directives 1988
 Physico-chemical quality of flowing artesian wells water during winter season, N=30
Flowing artesian Acidit Alkali
pH EC TDS TH Ca++ Mg++ Na+ K+ HCO3- Cl- F- NO3- CO2 SO4--
wells location y nity
6.7 340 270 225 60.7 164.3 15 2 12.5 98 238 17.8 0.4 0.6 13.8 60
CRC 1st
6.4 385 280 211 64.3 146.7 16 6 16.3 105 256 17.0 0.3 0.3 27.0 40
CRC 2nd

6.5 300 210 190 69.0 121.0 18 1 11.3 60 146 10.7 0.3 0.5 40.5 40
CRC 3rd

6.6 320 220 215 63.2 151.8 16 5 13.8 58 140 16.3 0.4 0.6 33.8 55
CRC 4th

6.5 380 260 220 58.0 162.0 15 3 13.8 108 262 14.2 0.5 0.9 56.3 45
Ta Colony 1st

6.5 385 240 192 42.0 150.0 13 2 16.3 108 262 8.6 0.2 0.6 29.3 60
Ta Colony 2nd

6.5 370 240 194 58.0 136.0 16 6 8.8 83 201 12.8 0.4 0.8 24.8 40
Golden Jubilee

6.5 345 200 213 49.0 164.0 14 4 15.0 93 226 9.1 0.5 0.6 45.1 45
Beni pump
6.3 390 260 189 47.0 142.0 16 7 18.8 103 250 16.3 0.2 0.4 19.8 60
Lichi orchard
6.5 300 210 193 50.0 143.0 17 4 7.5 98 238 14.9 0.3 0.8 36.0 55
Field

6.5 345 250 195 51.0 144.0 15 3 8.8 68 165 14.2 0.2 0.5 42.8 60
Double Storey

6.5 325 200 168 47.0 121.0 18 6 15.0 93 226 12.5 0.5 0.6 24.8 40
Lambert square

6.4 330 240 211 66.3 144.7 20 4 8.8 110 268 9.9 0.1 0.4 42.8 40
Block D 1 Farm
6.6 345 210 201 73.1 127.9 15 7 12.5 110 268 18.2 0.3 0.9 36.0 35
Block D 2
 6.7 280 170 213 56.0 157.0 19 5 8.8 95 232 9.9 0.4 0.9 42.8 60
S Block 1`
6.5 350 210 189 59.0 130.0 17 4 13.8 63 153 11.9 0.2 0.8 42.4 70
S Block 2
6.6 365 220 201 59.0 142.0 15 2 18.8 70 171 12.8 0.4 0.6 46.4 60
S Block 3
6.5 380 240 228 60.0 168.0 16 3 13.8 95 232 13.5 0.5 0.3 45.0 55
I Block 1
6.5 370 230 225 58.0 167.0 15 2 15.0 83 201 12.1 0.4 0.7 49.2 65
I Block 2
6.5 325 210 208 66.0 142.0 14 2 16.3 93 226 16.3 0.6 0.6 49.7 50
Haldi 1st
6.7 355 230 228 79.2 148.8 20 6 20.0 93 226 14.9 0.5 0.9 21.4 55
Haldi 2nd
6.5 340 210 230 70.1 159.9 13 5 17.5 108 262 17.0 0.4 0.7 50.8 55
Haldi 3rd
6.5 360 210 227 76.1 150.9 18 3 12.5 90 220 15.6 0.3 0.8 44.8 50
Haldi 4th
6.4 345 220 224 73.1 151.0 20 2 12.5 93 226 15.6 0.6 0.7 49.9 55
Haldi 5th
6.7 350 210 249 73.2 175.8 15 5 12.5 93 226 12.1 0.5 0.7 17.9 60
Patharchatta
6.3 385 230 230 73.3 156.7 14 4 13.8 108 262 14.9 0.4 0.7 51.0 60
Kisak Bhawan
6.4 360 210 213 55.3 157.7 15 4 21.3 80 195 12.8 0.2 20.8 20.9 40
P Block
6.3 365 240 208 54.5 153.5 16 6 17.5 100 244 21.3 0.5 1.1 60.8 45
H Block
6.6 380 230 225 75.1 150.0 18 3 13.8 70 171 15.6 0.3 0.6 63.1 60
T Block
6.8 380 290 244 96.1 147.9 13 4 15.0 100 244 19.9 0.4 0.8 16.9 55
Q Block

All values are in mg/l except EC in s/cm and pH in

 Physico-chemical quality of flowing artesian wells water during summer season, N=30
Flowing artesian Acidi Alkali HCO
pH EC TDS TH Ca++ Mg++ Na+ K+ Cl- F- NO3- CO2 SO4--
wells location ty nity 3
-

CRC 1st 6.5 425 220 212 76.4 136.1 21 4 12.5 125 305 15.6 0.4 0.9 12.4 40

CRC 2nd 6.8 430 250 232 92.3 139.7 19 7 26.3 133 323 13.5 0.5 0.8 24.3 70

CRC 3rd 6.9 330 190 242 86.0 156.0 22 3 30.0 128 311 11.4 0.4 0.8 36.5 50

CRC 4th 6.7 350 200 236 105.5 130.5 18 6 42.3 125 305 14.9 0.5 0.9 30.4 60

Ta Colony 1st 6.6 405 240 235 69.0 166.0 18 4 81.3 145 354 20.6 0.5 1.1 50.7 60

Ta Colony 2nd 6.8 370 250 250 94.7 155.3 16 4 24.5 138 336 20.6 0.4 1.3 26.4 70

Golden Jubilee 6.8 380 240 219 72.4 146.6 20 6 13.8 145 354 14.9 0.5 0.9 22.3 80

Beni pump 6.7 310 220 228 92.8 135.2 19 5 51.3 115 281 14.2 0.6 0.9 40.5 60

Lichi orchard 6.3 400 250 230 92.7 137.3 22 10 6.3 140 342 15.6 0.3 0.6 17.8 70

Field 6.5 325 200 244 92.3 152.2 19 8 30.0 115 281 9.9 0.3 1.5 32.4 80

Double Storey 6.7 385 220 218 65.0 153.0 18 5 46.3 140 342 11.4 0.4 0.9 38.5 70

Lambert square 6.8 310 210 217 55.0 162.0 23 6 52.5 120 293 10.7 0.6 0.5 22.3 60

Block D 1 Farm 6.8 370 210 270 109.9 160.1 21 6 63.8 112 272 14.2 0.6 0.3 38.5 30

Block D 2 6.8 320 220 209 22.6 186.5 17 10 62.5 128 311 14.9 0.5 0.5 32.4 50
 S Block 1 6.9 265 180 182 127.1 54.9 16 8 63.8 93 226 10.7 0.5 1.5 38.5 80

S Block 2 6.7 335 220 209 96.1 112.9 18 9 62.5 133 323 13.5 0.4 0.3 38.1 80

S Block 3 6.6 340 230 198 109.1 88.9 15 4 76.3 130 317 17.0 0.6 0.4 41.7 90

I Block 1 6.7 370 240 209 96.0 113.0 18 5 78.8 143 348 14.9 0.5 0.2 40.5 70

I Block 2 6.8 360 240 238 72.8 165.2 19 5 75.0 113 276 14.9 0.5 0.9 44.2 40

Haldi 1st 6.7 330 210 264 127.1 136.9 16 6 78.8 118 287 12.1 0.6 0.7 44.7 75

Haldi 2nd 6.7 360 230 241 90.3 150.7 20 8 27.5 138 336 15.5 0.5 1.1 19.3 30

Haldi 3rd 6.7 330 220 225.5 64.8 160.7 19 7 81.3 140 342 13.5 0.6 1.2 45.7 70

Haldi 4th 6.8 320 230 235 88.6 146.4 15 6 76.3 130 317 14.2 0.5 0.4 40.3 90

Haldi 5th 6.6 350 220 257 79.2 177.8 25 5 72.5 133 323 13.5 0.6 0.2 44.9 70

Patharchatta 6.6 320 220 261 76.5 184.5 17 6 38.8 130 317 14.1 0.6 1.0 16.1 90
Kisak
6.4 360 250 252 63.7 188.8 16 6 81.3 143 348 16.3 0.5 0.3 45.9 40
Bhawan
P Block 6.4 330 230 240 72.2 167.8 18 8 37.5 95 232 14.0 0.6 10.7 18.8 80

H Block 6.5 380 230 370 186.1 183.9 19 9 56.3 130 317 16.3 0.6 1.5 54.7 60

T Block 6.6 360 240 222 120.1 101.9 20 5 61.3 105 256 13.5 0.4 0.4 56.8 80

Q Block 6.8 450 240 206 40.0 166.0 18 6 32.5 130 317 17.0 0.5 0.7 15.2 75

All values are in mg/l except EC in s/cm and pH in

 Minimum Maximum Mean
Parameter
Winter season Summer season Winter season Summer season Winter season Summer season

pH 6.3 6.3 6.8 6.9 6.53 6.65

EC 280 265 390 450 351.67 355.67

TDS 170 180 290 250 228.37 225.03

TH 168 182 249 370 211.97 235.10

Ca++ 42.03 22.55 96.10 186.12 62.77 87.88

Mg++ 121 54.90 175.80 188.78 149.20 147.22

Na+ 12 15 20 25 16.07 18.73

K+ 1 3 7 10 149.20 6.23

Acidity 8 6.25 21.25 81.25 16.07 51.43

Alkalinity 57 92.50 110 145 90.67 126.90

HCO3- 140 225.76 268.47 353.90 221.29 309.72

Cl- 8.55 9.94 21.30 20.62 14.29 14.45

F- 0.10 0.30 0.60 0.60 0.37 0.50

NO3- 0.27 0.16 20.75 20.80 1.33 1.44

CO2 14 12.45 63.07 56.76 38.18 34.37

SO4-- 35 30 70 90 52.33 65.67

WQI 20.489 38.522 59.975 67.733 43.682 54.519

All value are in mg/l except EC in s/cm, pH and WQI in numbers
WQI value at different sampling points in winter season and
summer season
Sample location WQI in winter season WQI in summer season

CRC 1st 43.467 46.025

CRC 2nd 55.253 37.147
CRC 3rd 47.233 32.677
CRC 4th 53.744 45.769
Ta Colony 1st 54.728 52.862
Ta Colony 2nd 47.654 28.173
Golden Jubilee 55.112 44.656
Beni pump 60.812 53.330
Lichi orchard 38.522 28.405
Field 39.551 36.439
Double Storey 46.931 27.838
Lambert square 64.040 50.950
Block D 1 Farm 64.273 20.489
Block D 2 59.817 37.407
 S Block 1
49.379 46.898
S Block 2 46.020 27.577
S Block 3 56.307 43.310
I Block 1 51.644 53.643
I Block 2 55.958 44.931
Haldi 1st 58.156 58.040
Haldi 2nd 56.071 54.796
Haldi 3rd 64.143 46.201
Haldi 4th 55.552 36.629
Haldi 5th 63.788 58.647
Patharchatta 64.906 56.797
Kisak Bhawan 56.406 44.539
P Block 59.588 59.975
H Block 67.733 52.445
T Block 42.551 37.057
Q Block 56.227 46.820
 Statistical analysis of flowing artesian wells
Correlation Coefficient
The r value between EC-TDS, EC-acidity, TH-Ca++, TH-
Mg++ and alkalinity- HCO3-, shows the significantly
strong positive relationship at 0.01 level in during winter
season.
During summer season the correlation analysis between
EC- TDS, TH-Ca++, TH-Mg++, EC-alkalinity, TDS-
alkalinity, EC- HCO3-, TDS- HCO3-, EC-Cl-, TDS-Cl-,
alkalinity-Cl-, HCO3--Cl-, alkalinity-HCO3-, acidity-
fluoride and acidity-CO2 shows the significantly strong
positive relationship at 0.01 level in during summer
season.
 Multi-linear regression

TDS = 189.375 15.799*pH + 0.209*EC 0.089Ca ++

+ 1.249*K+ +0.118 acidity + 3.272*Cl- + 0.199*SO4
The value of coefficient of correlation R2 = 0.647, R = 0.804
270 TDS
250
230
210
TDS (mg/l)
190
170
150
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Sample no. Observed value

Spatio-temporal Distribution Maps (SDM)

SDM of pH (winter season, N=30)

SDM of pH (summer season, N=30)
SDM of EC (winter season, N=30)
SDM of EC (summer season, N=30)
SDM of TDS (winter season, N=30)
SDM of TDS (summer season, N=30)
SDM of TH (winter season, N=30)
SDM of TH (summer season, N=30)
SDM of Ca hardness (winter season, N=30)
SDM of Ca hardness (summer season, N=30)
SDM of Mg hardness (winter season, N=30)
SDM of Mg hardness (summer season, N=30)
SDM of Sodium (winter season, N=30)
SDM of Sodium (summer season, N=30)
SDM of Potassium (winter season, N=30)
SDM of Potassium (summer season, N=30)
SDM of Bicarbonate (winter season, N=30)
SDM of Bicarbonate (summer season, N=30)
SDM of Acidity (winter season, N=30)
SDM of Acidity (summer season, N=30)
SDM of Alkalinity (winter season, N=30)
SDM of Alkalinity (summer season, N=30)
SDM of Chloride (winter season, N=30)
SDM of Chloride (summer season, N=30)
SDM of Fluoride (winter season, N=30)
SDM of Fluoride (summer season, N=30)
 SDM of Nitrate (winter season,
N=30)
SDM of Nitrate (summer season, N=30)
SDM of Carbon dioxide (winter season, N=30)
SDM of Carbon dioxide (summer season, N=30)
SDM of sulphate (winter season, N=30)
SDM of Sulphate (summer season, N=30)
SDM of WQI (winter season, N=30)
SDM of WQI (summer season, N=30)
Contour of study area
 CONCLUSION
All the groundwater quality parameters except pH and Mg
hardness are within the permissible limit of drinking water
standard prescribed by IS10500:2012.
EC, TDS, Sodium, Potassium, Alkalinity, Chloride, Fluoride,
Nitrate and Sulphate, these parameters are lie within desirable
limit.
Flowing artesian wells water of study area is hard. Water in the
study area is found as Ca-Mg, Ca-Mg-HCO3 type for most of the
samples.
 From the spatial distribution map it is clear that the area near
CRC 1st, Haldi 1st and Patharchatta have Mg hardness
exceeds permissible limit in post-monsoon and pre-monsoon.
SDM maps are quite useful for policy makers in sustainable
groundwater management.

WQI, In the study water quality of most flowing artesian

well is under good class.

The relationship developed between TDS and values of pH,

EC, Ca++, K+, acidity, chloride and sulphate can be used to
reasonably to evaluate the flowing artesian well water quality.
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